扶手椅型缺陷硫化钼纳米带电子性质的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了含空位缺陷的扶手椅型二硫化钼纳米带的电子性质.发现缺陷会导致纳米带结构稳定性降低,单空位钼缺陷和三空位缺陷使得纳米带从半导体变成金属性,而单空位硫缺陷和两种双空位缺陷仅减小纳米带的带隙;电子态密度和能带的本征态表明缺陷纳米带费米能级附近的杂质态主要是缺陷态的贡献.研究了四类半导体性质的纳米带带隙与宽度的关系,对于完整的纳米带,带隙随宽度以3为周期振荡变化;而引入空位缺陷后,纳米带的带隙振荡不再具有周期且振荡幅度变小.同时发现,当缺陷的浓度变小后,缺陷仅使纳米带的带隙减小,不会使其变为金属性.这些结果有望打开其在新型纳电子器件中的应用潜能.     

正丁醇萃取-稀盐酸溶解原子荧光光谱法间接测定中草药中钼

建立了正丁醇萃取稀盐酸溶解原子荧光光谱法间接测定中草药中钼的方法。基于As(Ⅴ)和钼酸铵在浓度为0.3 mol·L-1硫酸介质中能形成砷钼杂多酸,且该杂多酸可以被有机试剂萃取,萃取后蒸干有机试剂,残渣用稀盐酸加以溶解,原子荧光光谱法间接测定钼的含量。在优化的实验条件下,钼的含量在0～15 μg·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限是0.44 μg·L-1, 相对标准偏差1.1%。据此对中草药样品进行分析,平均加标回收率介于95.6%～101.3%之间。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of deformation and failure of nanocrystals of bcc metals

Simulations of uniaxial and hydrostatic tension of Fe and Mo nanocrystal are made by molecular dynamics method. Stress versus strain are obtained while regularities of lattice rearrangement during nanocrystal plastic deformation are considered. Local instability of nanocrystal lattice, which is the cause for transition from elastic to plastic deformation of nanocrystal, is found. It is shown that local shear stresses is a driving force of nanocrystal lattice rearrangements under the conditions of both uniaxial and hydrostatic tension, so, local instability of nanocrystal of bcc metals should be considered as shear instability. Realization of “orthorhombic” path of deformation at 1 0 0 tension of Mo nanocrystal is specific case of above effect. It is demonstrated that unlike covalent nanocrystal, metallic nanocrystals display “heterogeneous” mechanism of crack nucleation, which essence is that cracks nucleate not in homogeneous elastically deformed lattice but in shear bands or near their boundaries, i.e., after non-homogeneous plastic deformation of nanocrystal.     

聚苯乙烯负载席夫碱Mo(Ⅵ)配合物合成、表征及其在环己烯环氧化反应中的催化活性

合成了聚苯乙烯负载乙二胺缩水杨醛席夫碱与Mo(Ⅵ)的配合物,并对其结构进行了表征.该配合物催化环己烯环氧化反应与小分子配合物MoO₂(acac)₂相比,具有更优良的催化活性和选择性;建立了催化剂中Mo分析和环氧环己烷气相色谱分析新方法;探讨了配合物及环氧环己烷合成过程诸因素的影响;优化了环氧环己烷合成条件,即以n(t-BuOOH)=0.1mol计,n(C₆H₁₀)∶n(t-BuOOH)=3∶1,溶剂5mL,反应温度80℃,时间60min.在该条件下,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)99.2%以上,质量分数约99.5%(GC检测).催化剂循环使用5次后,未见活性明显下降,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)仍接近99%.     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼精矿中钼的研究

对于钼精矿中钼的测定,标准方法采用钼酸铅重量法,该方法需要将钼酸铅沉淀反复多次洗涤、过滤,以保证沉淀物中夹带的铅离子洗涤完全,再对沉淀物进行灰化、灼烧等多步操作,步骤较繁琐,分析费时,不能快速配合选矿、冶金的科学研究。应用原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼,建立了钼精矿中钼的快速分析方法。钼精矿样品经硝酸、氯酸钾、硫酸加热溶解后,用酚酞和盐酸调节pH值,加入乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液调节pH值至5～7,再加入一定量且过量的铅标准溶液。基于在室温下,钼酸铅为难溶电解质,难溶电解质在一定温度下能否沉淀完全,通常比较离子积Q_c与溶度积常数K_sp的相对大小,当Q_c>K_sp,溶液过饱和,沉淀物完全析出,钼精矿中钼的含量为40～60%,铅的加入量为0.125 0～0.150 0 g,取最小值计算出溶液中钼酸铅的离子积,Q_c＝[Pb2+][MoO2-₄]=2.51×10-5,K_sp＝1.0×10-13,Q_cK_sp,因此钼酸铅沉淀可以完全析出,待钼酸铅沉淀完全后干过滤,用原子吸收光谱法测定滤液中过量的铅离子,用差减法计算得出钼精矿中钼的含量。文中分别考察了乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液的加入量及其浓度、铅标准溶液的加入量、钼酸铅沉淀完全的时间、加热时间以及常见共存离子如W6+,Sn4+和Cu2+等的最大允许量诸多因素对原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼的影响。与钼酸铅重量法相比,该方法省去了对钼酸铅沉淀反复多次的洗涤、灰化以及灼烧等步骤,操作简便易掌握,分析时间缩短一半,并用钼酸铅重量法与本方法进行对照实验,分析结果进行数理统计,得出结论：本方法具有很好的准确度和精密度,可用于选矿、冶金钼精矿样品中钼的快速分析检测。     

Two molybdenum (VI) monophosphates with a tunnel structure: AMoO2PO4 (A=Cs, Tl) and structural relationships in the series

Two new molybdenum (VI) monophosphates CsMoO₂PO₄ and TlMoO₂PO₄ have been synthesized by solid state chemistry. Their structure were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The frameworks MoO₂PO₄ delimit tunnels in which are located the univalent cations. Structural relationships between the different monophosphates of the AMoO₂PO₄ series with A = Ag, Na, K, Tl, Cs, are presented in which two kinds of frameworks appear owing to the size of the univalent cations.     

Studies on the Combined Derivative Spectrophotometry

The combined derivative spectrophotometry developed in this paper is a new method, which can be used to determine multicomporent mixture simultaneously and may improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the measurement remarkably. Two practical tests were carried out to verify the correctness of the theory, and the results are satisfactory.     

单扫示波极谱滴定钼

提出了直流示波极谱滴定高含量钼的新方法，在ｐＨ为４．５￣５．５的乙酸－乙酸铵缓冲溶液中，以Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）为滴定剂滴定钼酸根离子，用ＪＰ－１Ａ型示波极谱仪作检测器，根据滴定过程中铅波的出现来指示终点的到达。方法简便，快速，结果的准确度，精密度均符合容量分析的要求，适于各类高含量钼矿样中的测定。     

The σ2π4 Triple Bond between Molybdenum and Tungsten Atoms: Developing the Chemistry of an Inorganic Functional Group

Numerous analogies between organic and inorganic chemistry have emerged in recent years. The most prominent example is the isolobal relationship. Many reactions have shown that metal-metal double and triple bonds exhibit a pattern of reactivity similar to that of alkenes and alkynes. In compounds containing a σ²π⁴ triple bond between molybdenum and tungsten atoms, the M? M bond order can be increased from three to four by reductive elimination or decreased from three to two or one by oxidative addition. Complexes with M?M bonds can be used to prepare clusters or can serve as catalysts. In this review relationships between structure (electronic and stereochemical) and reactivity that are characteristic for modern inorganic chemistry are discussed.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Novel Compound Mg4.5Pr79.5Mo126O312 Containing Mo3, Mo7 and Mo19 Clusters

The synthesis and crystal structure of the novel reduced molybdenum oxide Mg_4.5Pr_79.5Mo₁₂₆O₃₁₂ are presented. This compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3 m with a = 11.3061(2) Å, c = 58.242(1) Å, V = 6447.5(2) Å³, and Z = 1. Refinements yield R(F ²) = 0.0433 and wR(F ²) = 0.0931 for 2827 unique reflections. The structure is built up from alternating slabs made up of molybdenum forming Mo₃, Mo₇ and Mo₁₉ clusters, praseodymium and oxygen atoms, and slabs containing isolated MoO₆ octahedra. The Pr³⁺ cations are localized either within the slabs or at their borderlines to ensure the cohesion between the slabs. Of the six crystallographically independent sites occupy by the Pr³⁺ cations, two of them also contain randomly about 15% and 20% of Mg²⁺ cations while the remaining four are fully occupied by the Pr³⁺ cations.