全文获取类型
收费全文 | 504篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
国内免费 | 97篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 540篇 |
晶体学 | 10篇 |
力学 | 19篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
物理学 | 72篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 73篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 23篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 28篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有642条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
A new family of positive photosensitive polyimide (PPI) systems composed of solvent soluble polyimides (Pls) with cyclobutane (CBDA) structures and diazonaphthoquinone compounds (DNQ) has been prepared. Heat and catalytic imidizations were carried out to obtain CBDA Pls; the former was better than the latter in controlling the molecular weight of the Pl. The ? OH groups in the Pls were easily acetylated during catalytic imidization, so ? COOH groups were selected as weak acidic groups in the Pls. The ? COOH groups were also effective in giving the Pls an alkaline solubility. Therefore, Pls having ? COOH groups were superior to those having ? OH groups for PPI systems. The photosensitive properties of various PPl systems containing ? COOH were found to vary with the fraction of ? COOH groups in the Pls, the content of DNQ in the systems, and the molecular weight of the Pls. 相似文献
2.
Chin‐Ping Yang Ruei‐Shin Chen Kuei‐Hung Chen 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(7):922-938
To investigate the position and amount of the CF3 group affecting the coloration of polyimides (PIs), we prepared 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane ( 2 ) with four CF3 groups with 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzotrifluoride and 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenol)hexafluoropropane. A series of soluble and light‐colored fluorinated PIs ( 5 ) were synthesized from 2 and various aromatic dianhydrides ( 3a – 3f ). 5a – 5f had inherent viscosities ranging from 0.80 to 1.19 dL/g and were soluble in amide polar solvents and even in less polar solvents. The glass‐transition temperatures of 5 were 221–265 °C, and the 10% weight‐loss temperatures were above 493 °C. Their films had cutoff wavelengths between 343 and 390 nm, b* values (a yellowness index) ranging from 5 to 41, dielectric constants of 2.68–3.01 (1 MHz), and moisture absorptions of 0.03–0.29 wt %. In a comparison of the PI series 6 – 8 based on 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenyl]propane, and 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, we found that the CF3 group close to the imide group was more effective in lowering the color; this means that CF3 of 5 , 7 , and 8f was more effective than that of 6c . The color intensity of the four PI series was lowered in the following order: 5 > 7 > 6 > 8 . The PI 5f , synthesized from diamine 2 and 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride, had six CF3 groups in a repeated segment, so it exhibited the lightest color among the four series. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 922–938, 2003 相似文献
3.
研究了一种新型偶氮材料sy03在光控取向中的应用。将sy03加入聚酰亚胺SE-3310(Nissan)与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶液中作为90°扭曲向列相液晶显示(Twisted nematic liquid crystal display,TN-LCD)的光取向材料,测量由它作为取向膜的扭曲向列型盒的电光特性与仅用SE-3310取向的扭曲向列型盒电光特性比较,发现sy03偶氮的加入使得扭曲向列型盒的响应时间短到98 ms、阈值电压也降低到1.7 V左右。而且随曝光时间的增加,响应时间和衬比度都有所提高,电光响应曲线也更为陡峭。加热到150℃后,其电光特性并没有明显变化,证明了它良好的热稳定性。最后通过测量偏振紫外吸收光谱,分析得出液晶分子易取向方向与激发光源偏振方向垂直。 相似文献
4.
5.
Ajay K. Saini Clifford M. Carlin Howard H. Patterson 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1992,30(3):419-427
New model compounds for poly[N,N′-bis(phenoxyphenyl)pyromellitimide] have been synthesized in order to investigate the formation of imine bonds which are proposed to form during the curing process and lead to crosslinking in the bulk polymer. Raman studies show that terminal amines can react with imide carbonyls during curing to form C?N bonds. The Raman band due to C?N appears at 1656 cm?1 and the band due to C?O closest to the imine bond is observed at 1742 cm?1. These results are in agreement with previously published results on vapor deposited polyimide films. 相似文献
6.
B. Y. Myung J. S. Kim J. J. Kim T. H. Yoon 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(21):3361-3374
2,2‐Bis[4(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]phthalein‐3′,5′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)anilide (6FADAP), containing fluorine and phthalimide moieties, was synthesized via the Williamson ether condensation reaction from 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene and phenolphthalein‐3′,5′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)anilide, which was followed by hydrogenation. Monomers such as 2,2‐bis[4(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]phthalein‐anilide containing phthalimide groups and 2,2‐bis[4(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]phthalein containing only phthalein moieties were also synthesized for comparison. The monomers were first characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, 19F NMR, elemental analysis, and titration and were then used to prepare polyimides with 2,2‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride. The polyimides were designed to have molecular weights of 20,000 g/mol via off‐stoichiometry and were characterized by FTIR, NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their solubility, water absorption, dielectric constant, and refractive index were also evaluated. The polyimides prepared with 6FADAP, containing fluorine and phthalimide moieties, had excellent solubility in N‐methylpyrrolidinone, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, CHCl3, tetrachloroethane, and acetone, and GPC analysis showed a molecular weight of 18,700 g/mol. The polyimides also exhibited a high glass‐transition temperature (290 °C), good thermal stability (~500 °C in air), low water absorption (1.9 wt %), a low dielectric constant (2.81), a low refractive index, and low birefringence (0.0041). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3361–3374, 2003 相似文献
7.
Jin Kyu Park Dong Hun Lee Bok Ju Song Jae Buem Oh Hwan Kyu Kim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(3):1326-1342
We have designed and synthesized novel perfluorinated polyimides with 3D controlled structure. At first, we successfully developed the new synthetic routes to diamines with pendant bulky perfluorinated aromatic units in a multi‐step synthetic procedure. Novel perfluorinated polyimides were prepared in a two‐step reaction in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) solution: The first step was for the synthesis of polyamic acids (PAAs) and the second reaction was for the imidization of PAA. The polymer yield was over 89% and the inherent viscosity of PAAs was in the range of 0.24–0.36 dL/g. The thin films were prepared by spin‐coating the PAA solution in NMP onto various substrates such as a Si wafer or a KBr pellet, dried at 80 °C and further cured at 230 °C. The resultant polyimides are thermally stable over 400 °C. The refractive index and birefringence of the resultant polyimides are 1.5858–1.6452 and 0.01–0.005, respectively. The refractive index of polyimide decreases with increasing the fluorine content. The copolymerization and the ether linkages into the backbone reduce the birefringence of polyimides. Surprisingly, the pendant ether linkage is not a crucial factor in reducing the polyimide birefringence. Their birefringence is comparatively very low, compared with that of previous polyimides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1326–1342, 2006 相似文献
8.
Katsuya Sakayori Yuji Shibasaki Mitsuru Ueda 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(21):6385-6393
Poly(amic acid)s (PAAs) having the high solution stability and transmittance at 365 nm for photosensitive polyimides have been developed. PAAs with a twisted conformation in the main chains were prepared from 2,2′,6,6′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (2,2′,6,6′‐BPDA) and aromatic diamines. Imidization of PAAs was achieved by chemical treatment using trifluoroacetic anhydride. Among them, the PAA derived from 2,2′,6,6′‐BPDA and 4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylenedioxy)dianiline was converted to the polyimide by thermal treatment. The heating at 300 °C under nitrogen did not complete thermal imidization of PAAs having glass‐transition temperatures (Tg)s higher than 300 °C to the corresponding PIs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6385–6393, 2006 相似文献
9.
用裂解气相色谱法研究PMR型聚酰亚胺前体在反应中的化学变化过程,以裂解产物醇和环戊二烯的生成率表示酰胺化或酰亚胺化及交联的程度,结果表明,酰胺化或酰亚胺化在50℃以下不发生,在180~220℃完成,降冰片烯端基在150℃以下不发生交联反应,在280℃,10~18小时可完成交联反应。 相似文献
10.