Diversity-oriented synthesis and antifungal activities of novel pimprinine derivative bearing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thioether moiety

Molecular Diversity - Based on the strategy of diversity-oriented synthesis and the structures of natural product pimprinine and streptochlorin, two series of novel pimprinine derivatives...     

高中化学“物质转化及反应调控”项目式学习*——我是米酒酿造师

以“我是米酒酿造师——如何在家中酿造出美味可口的米酒”为项目主题,在化学、生物学科融合的大背景下,开展“物质转化及反应调控”的教学。通过“了解米酒酿造的原理、探究米酒酿造的影响因素、设计米酒酿造的方案”等3个核心活动,落实典型有机化合物的性质、有机化合物之间的转化等核心知识;在解决实际问题的过程中体会控制变量思想在科学探究中的重要作用,体会调控化学反应的速率和限度的重要意义。     

A Humidity-Induced Large Electronic Conductivity Change of 107 on a Metal-Organic Framework for Highly Sensitive Water Detection

The electronic conductivity (EC) of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is sensitive to strongly oxidizing guest molecules. Water is a relatively mild species, however, the effect of H₂O on the EC of MOFs is rarely reported. We explored the effect of H₂O on the EC in the MOFs (NH₂)₂-MIL-125 and its derivatives with experimental and theoretical investigations. Unexpectedly, a large EC increase of 10⁷ on H₂SO₄@(NH₂)₂-MIL-125 by H₂O was observed. Brønsted acid–base pairs formed with the −NH₂ groups, and H₂SO₄ played an important role in promoting the charge transfer from H₂O to the MOF. Based on H₂SO₄@(NH₂)₂-MIL-125, a high-performance chemiresistive humidity sensor was developed with the highest sensitivity, broadest detection range, and lowest limit of detection amongst all reported sensing materials to date. This work not only demonstrated that H₂O can remarkably influence the EC of MOFs, but it also revealed that post-modification of the structure of MOFs could enhance the influence of the guest molecule on their EC to design high-performance sensing materials.     

微纳电化学传感界面的构建及其用于单细胞实时监测

细胞是生物体形态结构和生命活动的基本单位.常规检测群体细胞的方法往往会掩盖细胞间的个体差异,因此亟需发展高效的单细胞分析策略,深入研究细胞生命活动过程,揭示疾病发生发展机制,推动个体化诊疗.超微电化学传感器具有尺寸小、灵敏度高、时空分辨率高等特点,在单细胞实时动态监测方面发挥了非常重要的作用.目前,微纳电化学传感器在电极制备、高性能传感界面构建、理论分析等方面已取得重要进展,且在单细胞实时监测及相关细胞机制研究方面取得突破.然而,单细胞内环境复杂、活性分子浓度低且随时空高度动态变化,这对微纳电化学传感器的灵敏度和选择性等综合性能提出了更高要求.我们课题组长期从事基于微纳电化学传感的单细胞与亚细胞实时动态监测研究,本文主要介绍了我们近10年来在该领域的研究进展,并对未来的挑战与机遇进行了探讨.     

尖晶石铁氧体TixNi1-xFe2O4中阳离子分布和Ti离子磁矩的实验研究

采用固相反应法制备了系列样品Ti_xNi_1-xFe₂O₄ (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). 室温下的X射线衍射谱表明样品全部为(A)[B]₂O₄型单相立方尖晶石结构, 属于空间群Fd3m. 样品的晶格常数随Ti掺杂量的增加而增大. 样品在10 K温度下的比饱和磁化强度σ_S随着Ti掺杂量x的增加逐渐减小. 研究发现, 当Ti掺杂量x≥ 0.2时, 磁化强度σ随温度T的变化曲线出现两个转变温度T_L和T_N. 当温度低于T_N时, 磁化强度明显减小; 当温度达到T_N时, dσ/dT具有最大值. σ-T曲线的这些特征表明, 由于Ti掺杂在样品中出现了附加的反铁磁结构. 这说明样品中的Ti离子不是无磁性的+4价离子, 而是以+2和+3价态存在, 其离子磁矩的方向与Fe和Ni离子的磁矩方向相反. 利用本课题组提出的量子力学方势垒模型拟合样品在10 K温度下的磁矩, 得到了Ti, Fe和Ni三种阳离子在(A)位和[B]位的分布情况, 并发现在所有掺杂样品中, 80%的Ti离子以+2价态占据尖晶石结构的[B]位.     

风云三号C星全球导航卫星掩星探测仪首次实现北斗掩星探测

全球导航卫星掩星探测仪(GNOS)是国际首台北斗系统(BDS)和全球定位系统(GPS)双系统兼容掩星探测仪, 2013年9月23日随风云三号卫星C星(FY3 C)发射入轨, 目前已测得大量掩星数据. 介绍了FY3 C-GNOS的组成; 统计了2013年10月12日全天的FY3 C-GNOS掩星事件及其全球分布情况; 通过与GPS精密定轨结果进行对比分析, 测试了BDS在轨实时定位精度, 检验了BDS掩星产品的可靠性和一致性. 初步分析结果表明: 14颗BDS卫星在轨运营的条件下, BDS和GPS兼容掩星探测仪可将掩星事件数提高约33.3%; BDS实时定位平均偏差优于6 m, 标准偏差优于7 m; 5-25 km高度范围内, BDS与GPS内符合精度大气折射率优于2%, 温度优于2 K, 湿度优于1.5 g/kg, 压强优于2%, 电离层峰值密度优于15.6%. GNOS的在轨正常运行及BDS与GPS掩星定位精度及反演产品的一致性为北斗掩星探测的业务化运行奠定了基础.     

电磁波在大面积等离子体片中传播特性的分析

脉冲磁约束线形空心阴极放电形成的大面积等离子体片可应用于等离子体天线、隐身及模拟超音速飞行器表面的等离子体鞘套. 本文首次利用实测等离子体片电子密度时空分布和横向场传播矩阵法, 研究了电磁波在等离子体片中反射率、透射率、吸收率随频率及脉冲放电时间的变化特征. 结果表明: 极化方向平行磁场的电磁波, 在小于截止频率的低频带内具有较高的反射率和吸收率, 增大电流, 反射率增加, 吸收率下降, 在大于截止频率的高频带内反射率和吸收率较低, 增大电流, 透射率下降, 吸收率升高; 极化方向垂直磁场的电磁波在高混杂谐振频率附近存在吸收率明显增强的吸收带, 谐振吸收峰值与放电电流无关; 脉冲放电期间, 电磁波的反射率、透射率与吸收率由不稳定过渡到稳定的时间约为100 μs, 过渡时间随着放电电流的增加而增大, 极化方向垂直磁场、小于截止频率的电磁波在稳定放电阶段谐振吸收较强. 本文的研究成果对利用等离子体片实现对电磁波的稳定高反射作用具有重要意义.     

Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Triazasubporphyrin with Peripherally Low Symmetric Push-pull Substitutions

Peripherally low symmetric substitution with electron-donating(EDG)and electron-withdrawing(EWG)substituents caused the rational modulation of geometric structure and even the electronic structure of triazasubporphyrin,the smallest 14πconjugated aza-porphyrinoids.Both structural characterization and spectroscopic investigation were discussed to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between peripheral push-pull substituents and SubPz core.     

Intersubband transitions in Al0.82In0.18N/GaN single quantum well

The influence of the width of a lattice-matched Al_0.82In_0.18N/GaN single quantum well (SQW) on the absorption coefficients and wavelength of the intersubband transition (ISBT) has been investigated by solving the Schrödinger and Poisson equations self-consistently. The wavelength of 1—2 ISBT increases with L, the thickness of the single quantum well, ranging from 2.88 μm to 3.59 μm. The absorption coefficients of 1—2 ISBT increase with L at first and then decrease with L, with a maximum when L is equal to 2.6 nm. The wavelength of 1—3 ISBT decreases with L at first and then increases with L, with a minimum when L is equal to 4 nm, ranging from approximately 2.03 μm to near 2.11 μm. The absorption coefficients of 1—3 ISBT decrease with L. The results indicate that mid-infrared can be realized by the Al_0.82In_0.18N/GaN SQW. In addition, the wavelength and absorption coefficients of ISBT can be adjusted by changing the width of the SQW.     

First experimental research of the bunch compressor at CAEPLI

Magnetic bunch compressor is one of the key technologies on the path to next generation accelerator driven facilities. In this paper we report the design principles and the first experimental research of the bunch compressor developed at Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP). The length of the bunch after compressor is found to be about 0.7 ps (rms) and the peak current exceeds 500 A when operated in the optimized condition. The sensitivity of the bunch length on the phase of the acceleration field and magnetic field of the bunch compressor was also measured and analyzed.