Systematic study on visible light collimation nanostructured slits in the metal surface

We present a systematic experimental investigation on visible light collimation by a nanostructured slit flanked with a pair of periodic array of grooves in gold thin film. A wide variety of aspects are considered, such as the polarization state, the transport path of incident light, the groove-groove spacing, the groove width and depth. Our results clearly show that the relationship between the collimation wavelength and the periodicity of the slit-groove structure accords well with the surface plasmon dispersion model proposed by previous researchers. Furthermore, the surface plasmon wave phase retardation effect induced by the surface structure is also verified via the measurement for samples with different groove widths and depths. These results indicate that the detailed geometry of the groove structure has obvious impacts on the collimation effect and the angular distribution of the diffraction light in the subwavelength plasmonic system.     

半金属锑薄膜中电子动力学研究

采用时间分辨抽运-探测透射光谱,研究了不同波长和不同激发流密度下半金属Sb薄膜的超快电子动力学过程.透射变化率的时间延迟扫描曲线显示在延迟零点附近出现强的振荡,正的吸收饱和峰在亚皮秒时间内衰减为负的吸收增强峰.之后,负的吸收增强峰在数皮秒时间内甚至再次演变为吸收饱和.正饱和峰和负吸收峰幅度正比于激发流密度和光波长.对这些现象进行了分析,引入“缺陷”态模型及考虑“缺陷”态对光激发电子的快速俘获和逐渐释放,能够合理、半定量地解释实验观察到的所有现象. 关键词： 半金属 杂质或缺陷态 电子动力学 抽运-探测光谱     

Unidirectional emissions from dielectric photonic circuits decorated with plasmonic phased antenna arrays

Thanks to resonant characteristics of metallic nanoparticles, optical waves scattered from plasmonic nanoantennae can be well tailored in both amplitude and phase. We numerically demonstrate that, by varying the lengths and the lateral positions of gold nanorods in vicinity of a silicon waveguide, unidirectional emissions with typical forward-backward contrast ratio of 15 dB and directivity of 12 dB can be acquired in a plasmonic phased antenna array with sub-wavelength device length. The properties, i.e., the emission directionality and the size compactness, can be employed to control the far-field radiation pattern from a dielectric photonic circuit. Moreover, by altering the orientations of the dielectric waveguides decorated with plasmonic phased antenna arrays, we propose wireless light transportations in a layered photonic infrastructure, which may have applications in high-density photonic integrations.     

基于掺铒晶体的光量子存储和调控

量子信息技术是20世纪极具代表性的两种科技进步—量子力学和信息科学技术相结合的新兴领域,其发展需要解决量子信号的产生、处理、传输、同步和存储等一系列问题,对材料的特性提出了严苛的要求,然而目前还没有一种材料可以在所有功能上都能满足量子信息应用的需要.掺铒晶体材料在1.5μm具有光学辐射峰,并且具有良好的相干特性,在量子信息技术的若干关键节点都有着巨大的应用前景.本文结合掺铒晶体的性质,回顾其在量子存储、量子频率转换、量子光源以及基于离子间相互作用的量子调控等方面的应用进展,并对可能的发展方向进行讨论.     

锂-空气电池的实用化之路：规避二氧化碳负面效应

与其他的锂电池体系相比,锂-空气电池具有最高的理论比能量,被认为有潜力成为终极能量转换和储存装置。目前的锂-空气电池常常使用气体钢瓶提供纯氧气,而非空气中的氧气,这种电池设计极大降低了锂-空气电池的能量密度和实用性。然而,当空气作为锂-空气电池的氧气供给源时,二氧化碳作为杂质会引起严重的副反应,从而降低锂-空气电池的性能。要解决二氧化碳引起的副反应,理解其反应机制至关重要。本文综述了锂-空气电池中有关二氧化碳诱发的化学/电化学反应的研究进展; 总结了可缓解二氧化碳负面效应的有效策略。此外,对二氧化碳选透膜材料和分离技术用于锂-空气电池进行了展望。     

农村污水治理工程案例分析与难题破解

以余姚市上庄村试点工程为例,介绍了水库上游农村生活污水生态净化与农业利用取得的成效与经验,剖析了宁波市实施农村污水治理工作中普遍存在的困难及其原因,并对全面推进农村生活污水治理工作的对策和措施进行了探讨.     

Systematic study on visible light collimation by nanostructured slits in the metal surface

We present a systematic experimental investigation on visible light collimation by a nanostructured slit flanked with a pair of periodic array of grooves in gold thin film. A wide variety of aspects are considered, such as the polarization state, the transport path of incident light, the groove--groove spacing, the groove width and depth. Our results clearly show that the relationship between the collimation wavelength and the periodicity of the slit-groove structure accords well with the surface plasmon dispersion model proposed by previous researchers. Furthermore, the surface plasmon wave phase retardation effect induced by the surface structure is also verified via the measurement for samples with different groove widths and depths. These results indicate that the detailed geometry of the groove structure has obvious impacts on the collimation effect and the angular distribution of the diffraction light in the subwavelength plasmonic system.     

基于光子晶体微腔的回波光量子存储

充分发掘量子计算机的应用潜力需要将大量分立的量子节点连接起来,组建一个与互联网类似的全量子网络.高性能的可集成光量子存储器是解决不同量子节点间信号同步问题的核心器件,直接关系到量子网络的实现规模和整体性能.然而,目前的微纳量子存储器还存在可集成性和存储性能难以兼容的问题,还不能满足构建全量子网络的需求.本文提出在掺铒硅材料上设计通信波段的光子晶体微腔,不仅可利用光学微腔的角动量共振模式来实现基于光子回波的量子存储,还可利用光学微腔来增强光和物质相互作用,有望实现高存储效率的可集成量子存储器.