探讨稳态法实验中的绝热问题

本文利用付立叶导热方程式 ,分析了导热系数测定仪在绝热问题上出现的漏洞与在制造上存在的缺陷 ,由此提出被测样品的侧面必须经过绝热处理 ,才能提高测量精确度的结论     

细截面金属丝的线胀系数的测定

各种材料的金属丝在市场上容易购得，所以本线胀系数测定实验采用细截面金属丝．实验装置如图１所示．在待测金属丝上用刀刃压出两个痕迹，测量出两压痕间距ｌ，然后该金属丝的一端固定在玻璃管下端橡胶塞上，另一端穿过玻璃管，玻璃导管和滑轮与砝码相连．砝码的作用是使玻璃管内的金属丝保持直线状态，因此砝码的重力尽可能小一些为宜，所加砝码量能使金属丝保持直线即可．在未通恒温水时，用温度计测出玻璃管内的温度Ｔ１，用移测显微镜测量两压痕位置Ａ１，Ｂ１．然后接通恒温水，待温度稳定后测出玻璃管内的温度Ｔ２和两压痕的位置Ａ２…     

Structural Evolution of D5h（1）-C90 under High Pressure:A Mediate Allotrope of Nanocarbon from Zero-Dimensional Fullerene to One-Dimensional Nanotube

The hybridization of fullerene and nanotube structures in newly isolated C₉₀ with the D_{5 h} symmetric group(D_{5 h}（1）-C₉₀) provides an ideal model as a mediating allotrope of nanocarbon from zero-dimensional（OD） fullerene to one-dimensional nanotube.Raman and infrared spectroscopy combined with classical molecular dynamics simulation were used to investigate the structural evolution of D_{5 h}（1）-C₉₀ at ambient and high pressure up to35...     

比重瓶测固体密度影响实验结果的因素

本主要介绍了在用比重瓶测定不规则小粒固体密度时,影响实验结果的几个因素,并分析和讨论了诸因素对实验结果产生的误差大小。     

射频磁控溅射CN x薄膜的结构与衬底温度关系的研究

使用射频磁控溅射方法在不同衬底温度下(ts=室温, 350, 500 ℃)于Si(001)衬底上沉积了CN x膜, 并利用拉曼(Raman)光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线衍射光电子能谱(XPS)对CN x膜的化学结合状态与温度的关系进行了研究. Raman光谱结果表明, 随衬底温度(ts)增加, D带向低频方向移动, G带向高频方向移动; 它们的半高宽分别由375和150 cm -1减小至328和142 cm -1; ID/IG由3 76减小至2 88. FTIR谱中除无序D带(1 400 cm -1)和石墨G带(1 570 cm -1)外, 还有~700 cm -1, ~2 210 cm -1(C≡N), 2 330 cm -1(C-O)及3 255~3 351 cm -1(N-H)等峰. XPS测试结果表明:随衬底温度增加, N与C的物质的量比由0 49下降至0 38, sp2(C-N)组分与sp3(C-N)组分强度比呈增大趋势. 低温(350 ℃)退火并未对CN x膜的化学结合状态产生较大影响; 高温(900 ℃)退火样品则显示出较好的结晶化程度.     

High pressure structural phase transitions of TiO_2 nanomaterials

Recently, the high pressure study on the TiO_2 nanomaterials has attracted considerable attention due to the typical crystal structure and the fascinating properties of TiO_2 with nanoscale sizes. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progress in the high pressure phase transitions of TiO_2 nanomaterials. We discuss the size effects and morphology effects on the high pressure phase transitions of TiO_2 nanomaterials with different particle sizes, morphologies, and microstructures. Several typical pressure-induced structural phase transitions in TiO_2 nanomaterials are presented, including size-dependent phase transition selectivity in nanoparticles, morphology-tuned phase transition in nanowires, nanosheets,and nanoporous materials, and pressure-induced amorphization(PIA) and polyamorphism in ultrafine nanoparticles and TiO_2-B nanoribbons. Various TiO_2 nanostructural materials with high pressure structures are prepared successfully by high pressure treatment of the corresponding crystal nanomaterials, such as amorphous TiO_2 nanoribbons, α-PbO_2-type TiO_2 nanowires, nanosheets, and nanoporous materials. These studies suggest that the high pressure phase transitions of TiO_2 nanomaterials depend on the nanosize, morphology, interface energy, and microstructure. The diversity of high pressure behaviors of TiO_2 nanomaterials provides a new insight into the properties of nanomaterials, and paves a way for preparing new nanomaterials with novel high pressure structures and properties for various applications.     

高压导致纳米TiO2形变的电子显微研究

α-PbO₂相TiO₂高压相具有适宜的带隙能和可见光范围的光催化能力,是一种适用于可见光、高效且环保的光催化材料.本文使用金刚石对顶压砧对锐钛矿纳米球进行加压-卸压处理得到了α-PbO₂相TiO₂高压相.利用透射电子显微镜对比初始样品和卸压样品,观察结果表明晶粒发生了明显形变,高分辨图显示其晶粒中存在大量[100]方向层错和形变孪晶,其中亚微米级晶粒中形成了透镜形片层结构的形变孪晶带;纳米级晶粒中形成了扇形多重形变孪晶.研究表明高压下锐钛矿TiO₂可以发生明显的形变,其形变的微观机制与金属类似,主要为形变孪晶和层错滑移,形变孪晶的形成存在明显的尺寸效应.这些结果为TiO₂高压相变的尺寸效应研究提供了一个新的切入点,同时还为制备孪晶α-PbO₂相TiO₂高压相提供了方法.     

纳米TiO_2薄膜的带宽研究(英文)

利用磁控溅射方法制备了纳米TiO2 薄膜,通过Raman光谱和UV Vis光谱讨论了TiO2 薄膜的带宽随着厚度变化的规律。随着薄膜厚度的增加,TiO2 薄膜的带宽变窄,这是由于纳米薄膜的纳米效应所致     

Study of high pressure structural stability of CeO2 nanoparticles

In situ high pressure XRD diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have been performed on 12 nm CeO₂ nanoparticles. Surprisingly, under quasihydrostatic conditions, 12 nm CeO₂ nanoparticles maintain the fluorite-type structure in the whole pressure range (0-51 GPa) during the experiments, much more stable than the bulk counterpart (P_T～31 GPa). In contrast, they experienced phase transition at pressure as low as 26 GPa under non-hydrostatic conditions (adopting CsCl as pressure medium). Additionally, 32-36 nm CeO₂ nanoparticles exhibit an onset pressure of phase transition at 35 GPa under quasihydrostatic conditions, and this onset pressure is much lower than our result. Further analysis shows both the experimental condition (i.e., quasihydrostatic or non-hydrostatic) and grain size effect have a significant impact on the high pressure behaviors of CeO₂ nanomaterials.