基于超声微振动的风力机叶片除冰研究

风力机在寒冷潮湿地区工作时,叶片表面会产生积冰,降低叶片气动性能。为减少或去除积冰,提高风力机发电效率,本文开展了风力机叶片超声微振动除冰研究。设计了前缘为中空结构的翼型叶片,仿真计算了除冰振型,制作了叶片样件,测量了样件的固有频率。搭建了冰风洞试验系统和超声驱动系统,研制了一款翼型叶片冰层切向黏结力测量装置,开展了叶片超声微振动结冰时除冰和结冰后除冰研究,测量并计算了叶片表面结冰量和冰层黏结剪应力。研究结果表明,当结冰环境温度较高时,叶片结冰时超声微振动可以降低结冰量,具有除冰作用。在结冰后除冰中,可以显著降低冰层黏结强度。激振频率为21.2 kHz时,黏结强度最低,约为0.084 MPa。本研究为深入开展风力机叶片超声除冰技术奠定了基础。     

Radial transport dynamics studies of SMBI with a newly developed TPSMBI code

In tokamak plasma fueling, supersonic molecule beam injection(SMBI) with a higher fueling efficiency and a deeper penetration depth than the traditional gas puffing method has been developed and widely applied to many tokamak devices.It is crucial to study the transport dynamics of SMBI to improve its fueling efficiency, especially in the high confinement regime. A new one-dimensional(1D) code of TPSMBI has also been developed recently based on a six-field SMBI model in cylindrical coordinate. It couples plasma density and heat radial transport equations together with neutral density transport equations for both molecules and atoms and momentum radial transport equations for molecules. The dominant particle collisional interactions between plasmas and neutrals, such as molecule dissociation, atom ionization and charge-exchange effects, are included in the model. The code is verified to be correct with analytical solutions and also benchmarked well with the trans-neut module of BOUT++ code. Time-dependent radial transport dynamics and mean profile evolution are studied during SMBI with the TPSMBI code in both slab and cylindrical coordinates. Along the SMBI path, plasma density increases due to particle fuelling, while plasma temperature decreases due to heat cooling. Being different from slab coordinate, the curvature effect leads to larger front densities of molecule and atom during SMBI in cylindrical coordinate simulation.     

Effect of passive structure and toroidal rotation on resistive wall mode stability in the EAST tokamak

If βN exceeds no-wallβN, the plasma will be unstable because of external kink and resistive wall mode(RWM). In this article, the effect of the passive structure and the toroidal rotation on the RWM stability in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST) are simulated with CHEASE and MARS codes. A model using a one-dimensional(1D)surface to present the effect of the passive plate is proved to be credible. The no wall βN limit is about 3li, and the ideal wall βN limit is about 4.5li on EAST. It is found that the rotation near the q = 2 surface and the plasma edge affects the RWM more.     

Simulations of fast component and slow component of SMBI on HL-2A tokamak

It is very important to improve the penetration depth and fueling efficiency of supersonic molecular beam injection(SMBI) especially for the next generation fusion devices such as ITER. Two components, a fast component(FC) and a slow component(SC), have been observed in the HL-2A SMBI experiments for several years, and the FC can penetrate much more deeply than the common SMBIs which draws a great deal of attention for a better fueling method. It is the first time to the FC and SC of SMBI have been simulated and interpreted in theory and simulation in this paper with the trans-neut module of the BOUT++ code. The simulation results of the FC and SC are clear and distinguishable in the same way as the observation in experiment. For the major mechanism of the FC and SC, it is found that although the difference in the injection velocity has some effect on the penetration depth difference between the FC and SC, it is mainly caused by the self-blocking effect of the first ionized SMB. We also discuss the influence of the initial plasma density on the FC and SC,and the variation of the SC penetration depth with its injection velocity.     

安装角对旋转翼型结冰分布影响实验研究

为开展风力机叶片翼型在旋转状态下不同安装角表面结冰分布规律的研究,基于自行设计建造的一种利用自然低温的结冰风洞试验系统,完成了对称翼型NACA0018在0°、10°及20°三种安装角下的结冰风洞试验,试验中选取了200 r/min、400 r/min及600 r/min三种转速,选取了6 m/s及8 m/s两种风速,并利用高速摄像机获得了叶片表面的结冰分布,拍摄时间分别设定为15 min、30 min、45 min及60 min。利用前期研究提出的一种不规则冰形评价方法,对不同工况下叶片表面的结冰冰形进行了定量分析,利用相对迎风面与绝对迎风面定性分析了不同安装角对叶片表面的结冰区域的影响。研究结果表明,安装角对叶片表面的结冰分布影响较大,同一工况下不同安装角的叶片表面结冰有较大差异,转速也是影响结冰的关键因素,而风速对结冰分布的影响较小。本研究可为风力机叶片防/除冰技术提供参考。     

Numerical Investigation of Finite k Effect on Damping Rate of Geodesic Acoustic Mode in Collisionless Plasmas

Numerical method is applied to the investigation of the GAM damping rate with the finite k effects included. It is found that generally the damping rate given by the analytical method is smaller than that given by the numerical method, and the analytical damping rate has good approximation in the high q region （q 〉 4）. The difference between the analytical and numerical damping rates increases with the increasing kpi. However, for the short-wavelength case （kpi = 0.2）, the analytical methods are only good enough around q = 4 because of the slow convergence of Bessel function with the large variable.     

高尖速比下非对称翼型叶片结冰风洞试验

对于安装在湿冷环境下的风力机,极易遇到风力机表面结冰问题。风力机表面结冰严重影响了风力机的正常运行。为了研究垂直轴风力机在较高尖速比下的叶片表面结冰分布,本文采用了一种基于自然低温的结冰风洞试验方法。在低温环境下对采用S809非对称翼型的垂直轴风力机叶片进行试验,测试了在三种尖速比下的叶片表面结冰,并分析了结冰面积的变化。结果发现,当风力机尖速比超过1以后,叶片表面不再完全被结冰覆盖。主要结冰区域为叶片前缘,同时有横向生长的冰溜产生。     

超声分子束注入模型与流体输运程序的耦合

将超声分子束注入模型加入到流体输运程序ONETWO中,为ONETWO程序提供了重要的粒子源和电子、离子热源项。在ONETWO程序物理模型中加入超声分子束注入模型,修改TPSMBI程序并将其耦合到ONETWO程序中。运用耦合后的ONETWO程序模拟研究了喷气法与超声分子束注入产生的源项。将超声分子束注入模型加入到ONETWO程序中不仅可以为相关的实验分析提供一种重要的工具,也可为未来装置(如中国聚变工程实验堆)的物理设计提供重要的粒子和能量源信息。     

Linear analysis of plasma pressure-driven mode in reversed shear cylindrical tokamak plasmas

The linear behavior of the dominant unstable mode ($m=2$, $n=1$) and its high order harmonics ($m=2n$, $n\ge 2$) are numerically investigated in a reversed magnetic shear cylindrical plasma with two $q=2$ rational surfaces on the basis of the non-reduced magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. The results show that with low beta (beta is defined as the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic field pressure), the dominant mode is a classical double tearing mode (DTM). However, when the beta is sufficiently large, the mode is driven mainly by plasma pressure. In such a case, both the linear growth rate and mode structures are strongly affected by pressure, while almost independent of the resistivity. This means that the dominant mode undergoes a transition from DTM to pressure-driven mode with the increase of pressure, which is consistent with the experimental result in ASDEX Upgrade. The simulations also show that the distance between two rational surfaces has an important influence on the pressure needed in mode transition. The larger the distance between two rational surfaces, the larger the pressure for driving the mode transition is. Motivated by the phenomena that the high-$m$ modes may dominate over low-$m$ modes at small inter-resonance distance, the high-$m$ modes with different pressures and $q$ profiles are studied too.