Determination of the calcium species in coal chars by Ca K-edge XANES analysis

Ca-based additives have been widely used as a sulfur adsorbent during coal pyrolysis and gasification. The Ca speciation and evolution during the pyrolysis of coal with Ca additives have attracted great attention. In this paper, Ca species in the coal chars prepared from the pyrolysis of Ca(OH)2 or CaCO3-added coals are studied by using Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structural spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that Ca(OH)2 , CaSO4 , CaS and CaO coexist in the Ca(OH)2-added chars, while Ca(OH)2 and CaSO4 are the main species in the Ca(OH)2-added chars. Besides, a carboxyl-bound Ca is also formed during both the pyrolysis for the Ca(OH)2-added and the CaCO3-added coals. A detailed discussion about the Ca speciation is given.     

基于不确定性信息的多目标评估模型研究

针对航空维修质量多目标评估中存在的不确定性信息,采用区间数的相离度来确定属性的权重,再通过WAA算子得到方案的综合属性值;并根据可能度矩阵求得排序向量,从而得到评估方案.最后的算例证明了模型的可行性和可靠性.     

四苯基卟吩化合物的表面增强喇曼散射

自首次发现表面增强喇曼散射(SERS)并计算了其增强倍数后,现已发展成为一个十分活跃的研究领域,并先后采取金属电极、真空镀膜、银溶胶等方法达到增强的目的.本文采用化学还原镀银法研究了四苯基卟吩(简称TPP)系列化合物在银表面的SERS。TPP类化合物尽管边缘取代物有很大差别,但其中心核相似.某些TPP类化合物的共振喇曼谱和红外光谱已有过报导。本文讨论了TPP金属络合物与自由碱基TPP化合物在SERS中存在差别的原因,提出了TPP化合物在银表面的吸附态,探讨了SERS的增强机理。