兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环中电子冷却性能

为了在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)上开展一维离子束序化的研究,在CSR主环上,对6.39 MeV/u的58Ni19+离子束进行了冷却累积实验。测量了离子束与电子束之间不同的水平、垂直夹角以及不同电子束剖面的情况下,束流累积及束流寿命变化情况;重点研究了离子束衰减过程中动量分散随离子数的变化规律,拟合计算得到了动量分散随离子数按照幂函数衰减的指数;在给定离子数的情况下,动量分散随夹角、电子束剖面的依赖关系,为下一步在CSR上获得纵向一维有序化离子束的研究做准备。在实验中观测到在较大的夹角情况下,离子束出现纵向振荡和中心频率移动。     

双平面多圈注入模拟优化程序TPIS的初步开发与验证

为满足短时间内达到高累积流强要求,HIAF/BRing采用了一种新的注入方法--双平面相空间多圈注入。该注入方法与传统单平面多圈注入方法不同,而且在国际上是首次在实际项目中采用,尚无实际运行经验。因此,对注入过程进行程序模拟研究是验证双平面多圈注入方案可行性的必要手段。为详细模拟研究BRing双平面多圈注入过程,并克服已有程序跟踪速度较慢且注入参数修改不便的缺点,本文根据双平面多圈注入的特点,建立了双平面多圈注入模型,编写了双平面多圈注入模拟优化程序TPIS（Two-Planemultiturn Injection Simulation）。通过与ORBIT程序模拟结果对比,验证了TPIS程序模拟双平面多圈注入过程的正确性。在此基础上,在TPIS程序中加入了粒子群优化算法,并对BRing注入参数进行了优化。结果表明,TPIS程序可以对注入参数进行有效优化,经过优化后,束流损失减少了28%,最终剩余累积粒子数满足BRing的流强设计指标要求,进一步验证了双平面多圈注入设计的可行性。     

SHER-HIAF ring lattice design

The Super Heavy Experimental Ring (SHER), which is one of the rings of the next accelerator complex High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at IMP, has to be optimized for e-cooling. Its lattice is designed for two modes: the first is the isochronous mode, which is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for short-lived secondary nuclei, the second is the storage ring mode, which is used for collecting and cooling the secondary rare isotope beams from the transport line. In order to fulfil its purpose, the ion optics can be set to different ion optical modes.     

HIAF中环形质量谱仪SRing的线性设计

为了精确测量短寿命原子核质量,提出了在强流重离子加速器装置(HIAF)上建造高精度环形质量谱仪SRing。SRing长188.7 m,最大设计磁刚度为1 3 T·m,主要由磁聚焦结构、注入系统、引出系统、随机冷却以及探测系统等组成。SRing将运行在等时性模式和收集模式下用于短寿命原子核质量的精确测量和放射性次级束流收集并纯化。详细介绍了SRing的线性光学设计,并给出两种模式下的光学设计、注入及引出系统的设计等,设计参数优化完毕后,机器测量精度有望提高到10~6。     

IH型漂移管直线加速器的束流动力学研究（英文）

为了提高兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）的运行效率、改善加速器输出束流品质,并实现几个加速装置分时供束,提高整个重离子加速装置的利用率,特为（HIRFL-CSR）增建一台新的注入器--CSRLINAC。在108.48 MHz的RFQ之后的CSR-LINAC主加速段,主要由一台108.48 MHz和两台216.96 MHz的IH型漂移管直线加速器组成,用于加速荷质比为1/8.5~1/3之间的重离子,其最大的束流流强为3 mA,并将粒子从0.3 MeV/u加速到3.71 MeV/u。运用KONUS动力学原理,在满足设计指标的情况下,首先利用TraceWin程序进行中能束线MEBT设计,后针对高频腔体设计和束流匹配的基本参数的系列讨论,特别是对CSR-LINAC的中能束流匹配线、参数选择和IH型KONUS结构的漂移管直线加速器进行设计模拟优化。最终得出,在保证腔体设计指标和95.3%的传输效率的情况下,该紧凑型直线加速结构经过三个腔体的加速后,束流的纵向归一化均方根发射度增长仅有25%;同时发现,当流强达到3 mA时,存在空间电荷效应,导致其纵向相宽增长约25%,最大横向包络也存在16.5%的涨落。In order to improve the operation efficiency of the Cooling Storage Ring of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR), a heavy ion linac (linear accelerator) was proposed and designed as a new injector for HIRFL-CSR. Following the 108.48 MHz Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), three tanks in total with Interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) structure are installed to boost the beam energy from 0.3 to 3.71 MeV/u, and the beam current of ions with charge-to-mass ratio from 1/8.5 to 1/3 can reach to 3 mA. The first tank operatesat the same frequency as the RFQ, and the rest two operate at 216.96 MHz. The “Combined Zero-Degree Synchronous Particle Structure” (KONUS) beam dynamics was used in the beam dynamics design. The overview of the physics design on the main accelerating components, including RF design and beam dynamics design are introduced in this paper. The optimized structure design, fabrication status and simulation results are presented in this contribution. It shows that under the condition of assurance of 95.3% transmission efficiency, the normalized rms emittance is about 25%. When the beam current is up to 3 mA, owing to the space charge effect, the increase of longitudinal phase spread and transverse envelope are about 25% and 16.3%, respectively.     

SHER-HIAF ring lattice design

The Super Heavy Experimental Ring （SHER）, which is one of the rings of the next accelerator complex High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility （HIAF） at IMP, has to be optimized for e-cooling. Its lattice is designed for two modes： the first is the isochronous mode, which is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for short-lived secondary nuclei, the second is the storage ring mode, which is used for collecting and cooling the secondary rare isotope beams from the transport line. In order to fulfil its purpose, the ion optics can be set to different ion optical modes.     

Bunch compression study using the envelope model in CSRm

The feasibility of attaining a short-pulse-duration heavy ion beam with a nanosecond pulse length is studied in the main ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). Such a heavy ion beam can be produced by non-adiabatic compression, and it is implemented by fast rotation in the longitudinal phase space. In this paper, the possible beam parameters during longitudinal bunch compression are studied by using the envelope model. The result shows that a shortest heavy ion bunch ²³⁸U²⁸⁺ of 29 ns with energy of 200 MeV/u can be obtained, which can satisfy high energy density physics research.     

基于HIAF SRing的并束实验设计及研究

超重核的真空衰变对于验证量子电动力学至关重要,由于过去的固定靶实验中,核外电子干扰正负电子对的测量,国际上尚未观测到该现象。提出基于HIAF SRing的并束实验方案,通过238U92+在自由空间碰撞,排除了核外电子的影响。根据亮度理论,结合对交叉角度、Laslett频移和束束相互作用的分析,优化得到1.9×1024 cm-2s-1的峰值亮度,基本满足了实验需求。Vacuum decay phenomenon of superheavy nucleus is a problem of fundamental interest to verify quantum electrodynamics. As the shell electrons interfere the detection of electron-positron pairs in the fixed target experiments in the past, it's still not corroborated. A new merging experiment scheme is proposed in this paper. The interference of shell electrons is eliminated by collisions of 238U92+ in free space. According to the luminosity theory and the analyses of crossing angle, Laslett tune shift and beam-beam interaction, an optimized peak luminosity of 1.9×1024 cm -2·s -1 is achieved. It meets the requirements of merging experiment essentially.     

HIAF-BRing的双向涂抹注入模拟

BRing是HIAF工程的主加速器,其设计流强为每个脉冲内的粒子数1×1011个（238U34+）,为了达到此设计流强,注入增益应达到88倍以上。BRing采用了双向涂抹注入方案,其满足BRing的注入增益要求,同时具有注入时间短和累计束分布较均匀而减小了空间电荷效应的特点。双向涂抹注入方案利用水平和垂直两组凸轨磁铁以及倾斜的静电偏转板,在水平相空间和垂直相空间内同时进行涂抹。为了检验双向涂抹注入方案能否达到BRing的设计要求,利用ORBIT程序对双向涂抹注入过程进行了模拟,模拟结果显示,在单次双向涂抹注入113圈的情况下,注入效率为97.7%,注入增益达到110.3倍,满足了BRing流强要求。累积束的分布相对均匀,空间电荷效应引起的工作点漂移约为-0.02,粒子因共振损失风险很小。针对注入束流偏角、切割板角度、工作点偏差和Bump延时等不同注入参数进行了误差分析,结果显示BRing的双向涂抹注入效率对注入参数偏差的容忍度较高。BRing is the main accelerator of High Intensity heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and its design current is 1×1011 particles per pulse (238U34+). To accumulate beams up to the design current, the injection gain has to reach 88. Two planes painting injection scheme is proposed for BRing. This scheme uses a tilted electrostatic septum and 8 bump magnets to paint beams into horizontal and vertical phase space simultaneously. It can inject enough beams into the ring in a short time and paint beams uniformly. The injection process is simulated using ORBIT code and 113 turns is injected into BRing with an injection efficiency of 97.7% which meets the requirement for beam current of BRing. The accumulated beams are distributed uniformly in transverse and hence have a little tune shift of -0.02 which reduces the risk of beam loss due to the resonance. Errors of injection parameters are analysed and the result shows two planes painting injection scheme has a high tolerance for errors of injection parameters.     

Simulation and analysis of the transverse spectrum in HIRFL-CSR

Particles in a storage ring oscillate in the longitudinal and transverse dimensions. Therefore, the signal that beam has generated can be analyzed in the frequency domain to extract many beam parameters, such as tune, momentum spread, emittance and their evolution with time and so on. In this paper, the transverse spectrum in HIRFL-CSR was simulated and analyzed under different conditions, including electron cooling, hollow electron beam, solenoid effect, the tune shift caused by power supply ripple and the misalignment between ion and electron beams. The result of the simulation shows that the longitudinal magnetic field of the electron cooling device should be compensated by a “compensation solenoid”, and the power supply ripple must be controlled, otherwise the accumulation would be affected and the beam would be lost.