Photoluminescence Characterization of Nanocrystalline ZnO Array

High-density and uniform well-aligned ZnO sub-micron rods are synthesized on the silicon substrate over a large area. The morphology and structure of the ZnO sub-micron rods are investigated by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectra. It is found that the ZnO sub-micron rods are of high crystal quality with the diameter in the range of 400-600 nm and the length of several micrometres long. The optical properties were studied by photoluminescence spectra. The results show that the intensity of the ultraviolet emission at 3.3eV is rather high, meanwhile the deep level transition centred at about 2.38eV is weak. The free exciton emission could a/so be observed at low temperature, which implies the high optical quality of the ZnO sub-micron rods.This growth technique provides one effective way to fabricate the high crystal quality ZnO nanowires array, which is very important for potential applications in the new-type optoelectronic nanodevices.     

Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜的室温气敏性能及其气敏机理

采用化学气相沉积方法在预制好电极的玻璃基底上制备出Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜和纯ZnO薄膜. 两种样品典型的形貌为四足状ZnO晶须, 其直径约为150-400 nm, 呈疏松状结构. 气敏测试结果显示Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜具有优良的室温气敏性, 并对乙醇具有良好的气敏选择性, 而纯ZnO薄膜在室温条件下对乙醇和丙酮均没有气敏响应. X射线衍射结果表明两种样品均为六方纤锌矿结构. Sn掺杂ZnO样品中没有出现Sn及其氧化物的衍射峰, 其衍射结果与纯ZnO样品对比, 衍射峰向小角度偏移. 光致发光结果表明, Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜与纯ZnO薄膜均出现紫外发光峰和缺陷发光峰, 但是Sn的掺杂使得ZnO的缺陷发光峰明显增强. 将Sn掺杂ZnO样品在空气中退火后, 其室温气敏性消失, 说明Sn掺杂ZnO样品的室温气敏性可能与其缺陷含量高有关. 采用自由电子散射模型解释了Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜的室温气敏机理.     

氧化锌纳米棒场发射性能研究

采用简单物理气相沉积法制备出取向和非取向的氧化锌纳米棒，他们的场致电子发射性能测量结果表明，ZnO纳米棒具有较好的场发射性能，但是高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列并不利于获得高的场致电子发射电流密度.这可能是由于高密度ZnO纳米棒之间具有较高的屏蔽效应，降低了ZnO纳米棒阵列的场放大因子，从而影响了其场发射性能.相反，非取向ZnO纳米棒由于相互之间的屏蔽效应比较弱，而且表面存在容易成为发射中心的微小突起，表现出较好的场发射效果.这些结果不仅有助于加深我们对准一维纳米材料场致电子发射性能的理解，也为未来场发射电子器件的实际应用提供了可靠的依据. 关键词： 氧化锌 场发射 非取向     

室温以上磁制冷材料La(Fe1-xCox)11.7Al1.3化合物的研究

通过X射线衍射分析和超导量子干涉磁强计（SQUID）磁性测量,研究了Co替代Fe含量对居里温度在室温以上的磁制冷材料La（Fe1-xCox）11.7Al1.3（x=0.072,0.081）磁结构和磁性能的影响。La（Fe1-xCox）11.7Al1.3材料的居里温度随Co的含量增加而增加,La（Fe0.919Co0.081）11.7Al1.3的居里温度为311 K。当外场变化为1.9 T时磁熵变达到3.6 J·kg^-1·K^-1,RCP值为168.6 J·kg^-1,虽然它的磁熵变小于具有巨磁熵变的磁制冷材料,但是它在磁场为1.9 T时的制冷能力与这些材料相当。     

Magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys near Martensitic transformation

This paper studies the magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys in detail during heating and cooling isothermal magnetisation processes. The Ni-Mn-Ga alloys show larger magnetic hysteresis when they transform from austenite to martensite, but smaller magnetic hysteresis when they transform from martensite to austenite. This behaviour is independent of either the pure Ni-Mn-Ga alloys or the alloys doped with other elements. Because of the existence of the magnetic hysteresis, the relation between the magnetic entropy change and refrigeration capacity is not simply linear. For practical consideration, magnetocaloric effect of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys should be investigated both on cooling and heating processes.     

缓蚀剂对金属钆在水介质中腐蚀行为的影响

采用失重法、腐蚀电化学方法研究了NaOH、NH4OH、单宁酸和苯并三氮唑等缓蚀剂对金属钆在水介质中腐蚀行为的影响。在没有缓蚀剂的情况下,钆在水中发生明显的点蚀,腐蚀速度为0.152g.m-2.h-1。NaOH能有效地控制金属钆在水介质中的腐蚀,经8880h的长时间浸泡,钆表面依然呈现明显的金属光泽,没有失重与点蚀发生。当采用NaOH调节苯并三氮唑(BTA)溶液的pH值接近中性时,钆在其中长时间浸泡,同样没有失重发生,表观没有发现点蚀发生。选择合适的缓蚀剂,使得钆能够在水介质中不发生腐蚀,保证了磁制冷机的长时间正常运转。     

稀土Fe70-xCoxGd3.5B25Nb1.5金属玻璃的热稳定性和磁性研究

通过DSC和VSM等研究了Co含量对Fe70-xCoxGd3.5B25Nb1.5（x=0,4,7,9.5）金属玻璃的非晶形成能力、热稳定性和磁性能的影响.当该系合金的Co含量在0%～9.5%（原子分数）变化时,饱和磁极化强度（Js）在0.91～0.96 T范围内变化,矫顽力（Hc）在2.23～3.26 A·m^-1范围内变化,用能带理论对合金磁性进行了解释.当Co含量为9.5%时,金属玻璃具有较大的非晶形成能力,其过冷液相区宽度ΔTx为91.6 K,约化玻璃温度Tg/Tl为0.57,得到了直径达1.5 mm的非晶棒.     

Effect of Crystalline Quality on Magnetic Properties of Mn-Doped ZnO Nanowires

The diluted magnetic semiconductor （DMS）, which exploits both the spin and the charge of car- riers, is one of the most important materials to re- alize semiconductor spintronies.Many research works have been focused on the magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO due to its room-temperature ferro- magnetism （RT-FM）, which is very important for commercial applications. Recently, Mn-doped ZnO nanostruetures were developed for the nano spintronic devices, and kinds of Mn-doped ZnO nanostrue- tures have been prepared with room-temperature fer- romagnetic behavior, while conflicting arguments produced no consensus on the origin of RT-FM in these systems. Vinod et al. reported that the RT-FM in 5 wt% Mn-doped ZnO nanorods is attributed to the increase in the specific area of grain boundaries and the interaction between Mn2＋ ions and Zn2＋ ions.Yihnaz et al. found that bound magnetic polarons are responsible to the RT-FM. Gao et al. reported that the exchange interaction between the donor electron trapped by the singly ionized oxygen vacancy and sur- rounding Mn ions is responsible for the RT-FM. It was also reported that the ferromagnetism of the Mn-doped ZnO nanowires could be controlled by the electric-field or Mn doping levels. This work will investigate the magnetic property of the Mn-doped ZnO nanowires grown by the chemical vapor deposi- tion （CVD） method under the air condition and under the vacuum condition, respectively, and it is found that crystalline quality plays an important role to-wards the room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior of the doped nanowires.     

具有一级磁相变的不同系列NiMnGa合金其电子浓度对相变温度的影响

分析了具有一级磁相变的Ni2 x yMn1-xGa1-y,Ni2 xMn1-xGa两个合金系列中,合金电子浓度e/a对结构和磁转变温度的影响。对于Ni2 x yMn1-xGa1-y系列合金,随着电子浓度的增加,马氏体相变温度TM增大,居里温度TC减小,在e/a=7.68处相交,继续增加e/a,TM和TC同时减小;而对于Ni2 xMn1-xGa系列合金,随x的增加,电子浓度增加,TM增大,TC减小,在e/a=7.635处相交,x继续增大,TM和TC仍然缓慢增加。不同NiMnGa合金系列中TM,TC与合金的e/a之间不同的变化关系说明,e/a对TM和TC的影响在不同的NiMnGa合金系列中是相同的。     

Fabrication and Characterization of Well-Aligned Zn1-xMnxO Nanorods

Well-Migned Zn1-xMnxO nanorods have been synthesized successfully on bare silicon substrates by a simple evaporation method without using any catalyst. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies demonstrate that the as-grown nanorods are of single wurtzite phase with a preferential growth direction along their c- axes, Quantitative energy-dispersive spectrum analysis reveals that the concentration of manganese is around 4 at,%, Magnetic measurements show the single-phase Zn1-xMnxO nanorod arrays exhibiting the paramagnetic behaviour. Photolumlnescence spectra demonstrate that the Zn1-xMnxO nanorods preserve ultraviolet emission at room temperature.