N型TOPCon晶硅太阳能电池光注入退火增效的研究

N型隧穿氧化层钝化接触(Tunnel Oxide Passivating Contacts,TOPCon)太阳能电池完成印刷烧结后,再经过光注入,效率有明显提升,主要表现在V_oc(开路电压)及FF(填充因子)的提升。其机理在于通过温度和光照强度调节费米能级变化,控制H总量及价态来提高钝化性能。钝化膜层的质量、硅基体掺杂浓度、光注入退火时的工艺温度等对光注入退火工艺提升效率有很大影响。实验证明转换效率越低的电池片经过光注入后效率提升幅度越大;转换效率越高的电池片缺陷会更小,经过光注入退火工艺后几乎无增益。另外同心圆在经过光注入退火工艺后会明显消除。本文主要研究温度、光强、基体电阻率、正表面金属接触面积大小、poly-Si(多晶硅)厚度对光注入退火工艺增效的影响。     

Leakage of an eagle flight feather and its influence on the aerodynamics

We investigate how the barb of bird feathers is changed along both the rachis and barb.To investigate the microstructures and the mechanical behaviors of barbs,a series of barbs are manually cut from an eagle’s primary feather to observe the cross sections.Aλ-like cross section with a tiny hook is observed at the right feet at each section.Afterwards,a measurement of the setup system is developed to evaluate the leakage ratio of a feather followed by a numerical predicting approach based on the CFD method.It is found that the air leakage increases linearly against the pressure,and the predicted results coincide well with the experimental results.Finally,the influences of leakage of the flight feather on both steady and unsteady aerodynamics are studied.     

Suppressing ringing caused by large photomultiplier tube signals

We describe here the characteristic features of the ringing we observed following large PMT signals in the Daya Bay reactor antineutrino experiment. We conclude that the ceramic capacitors used in the circuitry of the PMT bases and the HV-signal decouplers are the primary cause for this ringing. We present some possible schemes to reduce the ringing when replacing these ceramic capacitors is not feasible.     

生物有机肥对浮游植物种群演替的影响

通过在水体中施用生物有机肥,观察水体中浮游植物群落的变化。结果共观察到浮游植物8门93属185种。叶绿素a的含量和生物密度随着施肥量的增加呈上升趋势,充氧与不充氧组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);当施肥量为0.24g.L-1,水温25℃时,叶绿素a含量最高,为119.24ug.L-1,并且生物密度最大,为5.15×107 cells/L;充氧施肥量为0.06g.L-1时,生物密度达到最大,为3.81×107 cells/L;不充氧施肥量达0.48g.L-1时,生物密度达到最大,为3.97×107 cells/L;充氧与不充氧组之间没有显著的差异(P>0.05)。施肥前多样性指数为2.08,施肥量至0.24g.L-1时,充氧条件下多样性指数最高,为2.69;水温25℃时,多样性指数最高,为2.74。未施肥时,只有肘状针杆藻和硬弓形藻2个优势种,而施肥后先后共出现17个优势种;其中绿藻门,蓝藻门中的最多,绿藻门有7个,蓝藻门有6个;施肥量相同时,充氧组的优势种数量明显多于不充氧组;黄藻门和隐藻门的种类只有在充氧条件下才成为优势种。当施肥量恒定为0.24g.L-1时,不同温度下先后共出现12个优势种,其中绿藻门,蓝藻门中的优势种最多,均有5个优势种;随温度上升,优势种的数量逐渐减少。     

超导量子干涉仪及其在超导陀螺中的应用

介绍了约瑟夫逊结原理及其制作方法，在此基础上对超导量子干涉仪测量磁场的基本原理作了阐述，同时就其在超导陀螺仪中的实际应用方面作了实例说明。结果表明这种仪器测量弱磁场的精度很高，技术也已成熟。     

由一道应用题引发的思考

通过一道应用题引发的反思,采取编题的形式,即一种情境多种建模的思路在我脑海中涌现,让学生在编题过程亲身体验创造性思维活动中所经历和应用到的数学思想方法,从而达到精练. 问题提出: 题目:要建一个面积为130m2的鸡场,鸡场的一边靠墙(墙长16m),现有长33m的铁丝网,求鸡场的长和宽.     

基于载流子选择性接触的N型晶硅电池钝化特性研究

为了研究载流子选择性接触结构在N型晶硅电池钝化特性,本文设计了专门的材料结构.分析对比了不同掺杂浓度分布的材料结构在退火后、沉积SiNx:H薄膜后及烧结后隐开路电压值的变化,并对其钝化机理进行了分析.研究结果表明隐开路电压值对掺杂浓度分布非常敏感.随着掺杂浓度分布进入硅基体的"穿透"深度增加,相对应地退火后、SiNx:H薄膜沉积后及烧结后隐开路电压值均呈现先增加后减小的趋势,且样片沉积SiNx:H薄膜后隐开路电压的增加幅度也逐渐减小,而样片烧结后隐开路电压值又出现不同幅度的下降,且隐开路电压值的下降幅度逐渐减小.通过适当的掺杂工艺,可以使得烧结后的隐开路电压均值达到738 mV.     

褶纹冠蚌硫氧还蛋白基因克隆及空间结构分析

运用RACE-PCR方法从褶纹冠蚌血细胞中克隆出硫氧还蛋白(Trx)的cDNA。结果表明褶纹冠蚌TrxcDNA序列全长为1 169bp,其中5′非编码区(UTR)长11bp,3′非编码区长840bp,含有PolyA尾和典型的腺苷酸信号序列AATAAA,开放阅读框长度为318bp,编码105个氨基酸。预测蛋白质分子量为11.6kDa,等电点为5.38,未发现有信号肽。氨基酸序列中含有1个Thioredoxin结构域(T3-K104),区域内包含一个保守的CGPC活化位点。序列同源性比较结果显示褶纹冠蚌Trx与太平洋牡蛎和紫贻贝的氨基酸序列一致性分别为56%、52%。预测的Trx空间结构由5个β折叠和4个α-螺旋组成,α-螺旋包围β折叠形成紧密的球形,这一结构与人的Trx空间结构相似。     

Device simulation of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells towards 30%-efficiency

Perovskite/silicon (Si) tandem solar cells have been recognized as the next-generation photovoltaic technology with efficiency over 30% and low cost. However, the intrinsic instability of traditional three-dimensional (3D) hybrid perovskite seriously hinders the lifetimes of tandem devices. In this work, the quasi-two-dimensional (2D) (BA)₂(MA)_n-1Pb_nI_3n+1 (n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) (where MA denotes methylammonium and BA represents butylammonium), with senior stability and wider bandgap, are first used as an absorber of semitransparent top perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to construct a four-terminal (4T) tandem devices with a bottom Si-heterojunction cell. The device model is established by Silvaco Atlas based on experimental parameters. Simulation results show that in the optimized tandem device, the top cell (n=4) obtains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.39% and the Si bottom cell shows a PCE of 11.44%, thus an overall PCE of 28.83%. Furthermore, by introducing a 90-nm lithium fluoride (LiF) anti-reflection layer to reduce the surface reflection loss, the current density (J_sc) of the top cell is enhanced from 15.56 mA/cm² to 17.09 mA/cm², the corresponding PCE reaches 19.05%, and the tandem PCE increases to 30.58%. Simultaneously, in the cases of n=3, 4, and 5, all the tandem PCEs exceed the limiting theoretical efficiency of Si cells. Therefore, the 4T quasi-2D perovskite/Si devices provide a more cost-effective tandem strategy and long-term stability solutions.     

超薄多晶硅的掺杂、钝化及光伏特性研究

本文对70 nm超薄多晶硅的掺杂工艺、钝化性能及光伏特性进行了研究。确定了70 nm超薄多晶硅的掺杂工艺,研究表明当离子注入剂量为3.2×10¹⁵ cm^-3,在855 ℃退火20 min时,70 nm超薄多晶硅的钝化性能可以达到与常规120 nm多晶硅相当的水平,且70 nm多晶硅的表面掺杂浓度达到5.6×10²⁰ atoms/cm³,远高于120 nm掺杂多晶硅的表面掺杂浓度(2.5×10²⁰ atoms/cm³)。基于70 nm超薄多晶硅厚度减薄和高表面浓度掺杂的特点,较低的寄生吸收和强场钝化效应使得在大尺寸(6英寸)直拉单晶硅片上加工的N型TOPCon太阳能电池的光电转换效率得到明显提升,主要电性能参数表现为:电流I_sc升高20 mA,串联电阻R_s降低,填充因子FF增加0.3%,光电转换效率升高0.13%。