线上线下混合式实验教学模式的改革与探索

大学化学实验课程是培养材料、化学、化工等专业人才应用基本操作和理论解决实际问题的综合性实践训练环节。文章探讨了当前大学化学实验发展由于受到仪器设备大型化、专业化、成本大、更新快等因素限制出现瓶颈,设计了线上线下混合实验教学模式,进行相应的软硬件建设,并开展线上线下混合式实验教学模式的改革与探索。该教学模式具有良好的教学效果,并且可复制可推广,为创新人才的培养和实验教学的创新提供了有益的借鉴。     

Surface of room temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] studied by polarization- and experimental configuration-dependent sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface.     

Surface modification of polyolefin separators for lithium ion batteries to reduce thermal shrinkage without thickness increase

Surface chemical modification of polyolefin separators for lithium ion batteries is attempted to reduce the thermal shrinkage, which is important for the battery energy density. In this study, we grafted organic/inorganic hybrid crosslinked networks on the separators, simply by grafting polymerization and condensation reaction. The considerable silicon-oxygen crosslinked heat-resistance networks are responsible for the reduced thermal shrinkage. The strong chemical bonds between networks and separators promise enough mechanical support even at high temperature. The shrinkage at 150 C for 30 min in the mechanical direction was 38.6% and 4.6% for the pristine and present graft-modified separators, respectively. Meanwhile, the grafting organic-inorganic hybrid crosslink networks mainly occupied part of void in the internal pores of the separators, so the thicknesses of the graft-modified separators were similar with the pristine one. The half cells prepared with the modified separators exhibited almost identical electrochemical properties to those with the commercial separators, thus proving that, in order to enhance the thermal stability of lithium ion battery, this kind of grafting-modified separators may be a better alternative to conventional silica nanoparticle layers-coated polyolefin separators.     

Ratiometric mode with dyads: a breakthrough in dynamic trapping and quantification for redox regulation in living cells

Redox-based post-translational modification of protein thiols has become an attractive strategy in cellular homeostasis and cell signaling.Due to the reductive end of the redox buffer network,the vicinal dithiol-containing proteins(VDPs)maintains an appropriate oxidation-reduction state of proteins through the reversible transformation from vicinal dithiols to disulfide,which is responsible for a variety of     

静电纺丝法制备柔性SERS基底及性能研究

利用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/银纳米粒子高活性SERS柔性基底.将硝酸银、聚乙烯醇按照一定比例混合配置纺丝溶液,纺丝成膜后采用紫外光照射还原法得到纳米纤维基底.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR),拉曼光谱(Raman),紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等技术,对合成的纳米纤维基底进行表征.研究表明,银纳米颗粒呈球形分布在复合纤维中,粒径小于10 nm.以罗丹明为探针分子,硝酸银含量16 wt;,紫外光照射3 h制备的基底具备最优的SERS性能.同时将此基底应用于烟酸药品检测,拉曼检测极限可达10-5 mol·L-1.     

局域共振型圆柱壳类声子晶体带隙特性研究

针对圆柱壳结构的减振问题,本文提出一种局域共振型圆柱壳类声子晶体结构,通过在圆柱壳圆周方向布置弹簧振子实现.该声子晶体的能带结构研究结果表明,该结构能够形成两条低频带隙,一条带隙的起始频率低至650 Hz,带宽为330 Hz,另一条带隙具有更低的频率范围,为0～371 Hz,带隙的形成是由于圆柱壳和弹簧振子振动的耦合.进一步分析了声子晶体的圆柱壳质量与弹簧振子的质量比、弹簧振子的刚度和元胞宽度对带隙的影响.对有限周期圆柱壳结构的传输特性分析,验证了局域共振型圆柱壳声子晶体在带隙范围内的抑制振动的能力.研究结果为圆柱壳结构的减振问题提供了理论参考.     

Microgels as drug carriers for sonopharmacology

The ultrasound-induced cleavage of covalent and non-covalent bonds to activate drugs (sonopharmacology) is a promising concept to gain control over the action of active pharmaceutical ingredients by an external trigger. Previously, linear polymer architectures bearing drug payloads were exploited for drug release by using the principles of polymer mechanochemistry. In this work, the carrier design is altered by the polymer topology to improve the ultrasound-triggered release of covalently anchored drugs from polymer scaffolds. We use microgels crosslinked by mechanoresponsive disulfides and copolymerized with Diels-Alder adducts of furylated payload molecules and acetylenedicarboxylate. Force-induced thiol formation induces a Michael-type addition liberating the payload from the microgels. The use of microgels significantly reduces sonication times compared to linear polymer chains and shields the cargo efficiently from non-triggered activation using ultrasound that produces inertial cavitation at a frequency of 20 kHz as model condition.     

FINITE ELEMENTAN ALYSIS FOR THE UNSTEADY NEARSHORECIR CULATION DUE TO WAVE－CURRENT INTER－ACTION（I）──NUMERICAL MODEL

ＦＩＮＩＴＥＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＦＯＲＴＨＥＵＮＳＴＥＡＤＹＮＥＡＲＳＨＯＲＥＣＩＲＣＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＵＥＴＯＷＡＶＥ－ＣＵＲＲＥＮＴＩＮＴＥＲ－ＡＣＴＩＯＮ（Ｉ）——ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＷｕＷｅｉ－ｘｉｏｎｇ（吴伟雄）（Ｔｏｎｇｊ...     

一种新颖的光纤应力传感器

基于模体积失配效应与微弯原理，提出了一种新颖的强度型光纤应力传感器，其传输光功率变化与应力之间近似为线性关系，重复性好，无迟滞现象     

EFFECTS OF FINELY DISPERSED METALLIC PALLADIUM ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES PRODUCED BY SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE

Nanosized palladium particles were incorporated into mesoporous silica matrix to obtain nanocomposites using the sol-gel technique. Effects of the finely dispersed metallic palladium on the microstructure and properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. By means of X-ray diffraction and optical absorption, it was found that palladium particles were 5-9 nm in diameter and their uniform dispersion in the mesoporous silica depended on both the content of the palladium and the structural features of the silica matrix. The results showed that the mixing method of preparation led to wider size distribution of the nanosized particles as compared to the immersion method, but dispersed degree was reduced. Although the incorporation of nanosized palladium particles could not substantially induce significant structural changes of the matrix, the apparent red-shifted optical absorptions for the nanocomposites were observed as compared to the parent monolithic silica, particularly with increase in palladium loading and calcination temperature.