基于氯化铯背接触处理优化硒化锑薄膜太阳电池性能

本文使用气相输运沉积的方式制备了硒化锑(Sb₂Se₃)薄膜太阳电池，并采用氯化铯(CsCl₂)溶液对器件上界面进行处理，同时对薄膜和器件进行了一系列表征。研究发现，CsCl₂溶液的背接触处理不仅可以提高器件的载流子收集以及降低上界面复合，还可以优化薄膜的结晶性、表面粗糙度和光电性能。基于FTO/CdS/Sb₂Se₃/CsCl₂/Au的器件结构，得到了转换效率为6.32%的高效Sb₂Se₃薄膜太阳电池，比基础器件效率提升了12%。本文的工作对Sb₂Se₃薄膜太阳电池未来的研究有一定的指导作用，其他同类型半导体光伏器件也可借鉴。     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of(110) oriented Pb(Zr_(1-x)Ti_x)O_3 thin films

A phenomenological Landau–Devonshire theory is developed to investigate the ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of(110) oriented Pb(Zr_(1-x)Ti_x)O_3(x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) thin films. At room temperature, the tetragonal a_1 phase, the orthorhombic a_2c phase, the triclinic γ_1 phase, and the triclinic γ_2 phase are stable. The appearance of the negative polarization component P_2 in the a_2c phase and the γ_1 phase is attributed to the nonlinear coupling terms in the thermodynamic potential. The γ phase of the Pb(Zr_(1-x)Ti_x)O_3 thin films has better dielectric and piezoelectric properties than the a_2c phase and the a_1 phase. The largest dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients are obtained in the Pb(Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_3 thin film. The piezoelectric coefficient of 110–150 pm/V is obtained in the(110) oriented Pb(Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_3 thin film, and the Pb(Zr_(0.3)Ti_(0.7))O_3 thin film has the remnant polarization and relative dielectric constant of 50 μC/cm~2 and 100, respectively,which are in agreement with the experimental measurements reported in the literature.     

硒形态分析研究进展

综述了近年来在硒形态分析的研究领域所取得的进展。主要包括分离检测方法,接口技术, 以及硒形态的结构分析的最新发展状况,并且介绍了硒形态分析中各种样品的前处理方法。     

水介质中无催化剂的有机反应的研究进展

水介质中无催化剂存在下的有机反应具有操作简单、便捷、安全、高效等优点,是实现绿色有机化学的重要途径之一。本文综述了近年来该领域的研究进展。     

Co掺杂的OMS-2纳米纤维的合成研究

以KMnO4、MnSO4、Co (NO3)2?6H2O和HNO3为反应原料,采用水热法合成了一系列掺杂过渡金属Co的氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2),采用X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR),低温氮气物理吸脱附和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)对样品进行了表征,研究了Co的掺杂对OMS-2分子筛的结构、形貌和氧化还原性质等的影响,并对该系列催化剂进行了CO氧化性能评价。结果表明,掺杂的Co并未改变OMS-2的晶体结构,并高分散在OMS-2骨架结构中;掺杂Co的OMS-2分子筛的形貌发生了由纳米短棒向纳米纤维的转变。不仅如此,Co的掺杂增加了活性氧物种的移动性,改善了OMS-2分子筛的催化CO氧化性能。     

Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶的超声共沉淀法制备及表征

利用超声强化的共沉淀法结合阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)修饰技术, 制备出Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶, 采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶转换红外线光谱仪(FT-IR)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、N2吸附-脱附及热重-差示扫描同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)等方法对样品进行表征, 系统研究了样品的表面电性及磁学性质, 并探索了超顺磁纳米晶的生长机理. 结果表明: 所制备的Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶结晶完整, 分散性良好, 平均粒径在10 nm左右; 其比表面积高达91.6 m2•g－1, 具有优异的热稳定性, 蒸馏水中等电点pHpzc＝5.7; 其饱和磁强度(Ms)可达65.0 emu•g－1, 属超顺磁性纳米材料; 超声强化及SDS表面修饰, 对Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶的生长起着非常重要的作用. 这种Fe3O4超顺磁纳米材料可望被较好地应用于细胞或酶的固定化等生物和医药领域.     

Electrocaloric Effect of P(VDF-TrFE)/SrTiO_3 Bilayer Thin Films

A phenomenological thermodynamic theory is applied to investigate the effect of misfit strain and electric field on the electrocaloric effect of P(VDF-TrFE)/SrTiO 3 bilayer thin films.Theoretical results indicate that the low electric field results in the decrease of the average polarization with the increase of the relative thickness of SrTiO 3 layer,and the high electric field has an opposite effect on it.Moreover,the electrocaloric effect strongly depends on the electric field.The low electric field and the small field change can lead to a maximum of the electrocaloric effect,meanwhile the high electric field or the large field change results in the opposite trend.     

力学强度可调控的双醛微纤化纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶的制备与性能研究

本文探讨了可方便调控力学强度的双醛微纤化纤维素/聚乙烯醇(DAMFC/PVA)复合水凝胶。将DAMFC与PVA溶液混合,利用DAMFC上的醛基与PVA大分子链上羟基的缩醛反应制得DAMFC/PVA水凝胶,并用不同盐溶液进行浸泡。缩醛反应使增强体DAMFC与基体聚合物PVA之间以共价键方式相连接。在受到应力作用时,应力能高效地从增强体传递到基体,从而使复合水凝胶的力学强度显著提高。此外,经过盐溶液浸泡,盐析作用使PVA水凝胶的力学强度进一步提高,且阴离子种类对力学强度的影响很大。通过调控DAMFC的含量、高碘酸钠的氧化时间及盐溶液阴离子的选择,可在较大范围内调控PVA复合水凝胶的力学强度,以满足不同应用的需求。     

滤片捕集-气相色谱法测定加热卷烟气溶胶中水分的含量

基于加热卷烟抽吸前后水分转移规律,分析了环境条件、抽吸参数和滤片捕集能力等对加热卷烟气溶胶中水分测定值的影响,提出了滤片捕集-气相色谱法(GC)测定加热卷烟气溶胶中水分含量的方法.利用吸烟机,按照抽吸容量35 mL,抽吸间隔30 s,每支卷烟抽吸7口的条件对加热卷烟进行抽吸;抽吸结束后,取出一张剑桥滤片(直径44 mm...     

Effect of misfit strain on the electrocaloric effect of polydomain epitaxial ferroelectric thin films

The effect of misfit strain on the electrocaloric effect in polydomain epitaxial BaTiO 3 thin films at room temperature is investigated using the Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire thermodynamic theory. Numerical calculations indicate that the misfit strain has a large impact on the ferroelectric polarization states and the electrocaloric effect. Most importantly, the electrocaloric effect in the polydomain ca 1 /ca 2 /ca 1 /ca 2 phase is much larger than that in the monodomain c phase and the other polydomain phases. Consequently, a large electrocaloric effect can be obtained by carefully controlling the misfit strain, which may provide potential applications in refrigeration devices.