全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19404篇 |
免费 | 3619篇 |
国内免费 | 2643篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 14081篇 |
晶体学 | 207篇 |
力学 | 1037篇 |
综合类 | 220篇 |
数学 | 2310篇 |
物理学 | 7811篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 400篇 |
2022年 | 458篇 |
2021年 | 624篇 |
2020年 | 790篇 |
2019年 | 864篇 |
2018年 | 689篇 |
2017年 | 627篇 |
2016年 | 952篇 |
2015年 | 997篇 |
2014年 | 1153篇 |
2013年 | 1454篇 |
2012年 | 1822篇 |
2011年 | 1926篇 |
2010年 | 1307篇 |
2009年 | 1332篇 |
2008年 | 1375篇 |
2007年 | 1158篇 |
2006年 | 1067篇 |
2005年 | 863篇 |
2004年 | 732篇 |
2003年 | 563篇 |
2002年 | 613篇 |
2001年 | 479篇 |
2000年 | 405篇 |
1999年 | 422篇 |
1998年 | 335篇 |
1997年 | 321篇 |
1996年 | 279篇 |
1995年 | 253篇 |
1994年 | 205篇 |
1993年 | 227篇 |
1992年 | 141篇 |
1991年 | 159篇 |
1990年 | 125篇 |
1989年 | 115篇 |
1988年 | 85篇 |
1987年 | 53篇 |
1986年 | 56篇 |
1985年 | 62篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Journal of Visualization - Forecast calibration methods based on historical similar atmospheric state are effective means weather forecast accuracy. Conventional approaches search similar forecasts... 相似文献
2.
Nonlinear Dynamics - The nonlinear modes of a non-conservative nonlinear system are sometimes referred to as damped nonlinear normal modes (dNNMs). Because of the non-conservative... 相似文献
3.
Rational Design of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Chromium Borides Based on First-Principles Calculation 下载免费PDF全文
Two-dimensional(2D) magnetic materials have been experimentally recognized recently,however,the Curie temperatures(TC) of known 2D systems are quite low.Generally,magnetic systems can be seen as constituent magnetic elements providing spins and the non-magnetic elements providing frameworks to host the magnetic elements.Short bond lengths between the magnetic and non-magnetic elements would be beneficial for strong magnetic interactions and thus high TC.Based on this,we propose to combine the magnetic element Cr and the non-magnetic element boron to design novel 2D magnetic systems.Using our self-developed software package IM2 ODE,we design a series of chromium-boride based 2D magnetic materials.Nine stable magnetic systems are identified.Among them,we find that CrB4-Ⅰ,CrB4-Ⅱ and CrBs-Ⅰ with common structural units [CrB8] are ferromagnetic metals with estimated TC of 270 K,120 K and 110 K,respectively.On the other hand,five CrB3 phases with structural units [Cr2B12] are antiferromagnetic metals.Additionally,we also find one antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrB2-Ⅰ.Our work may open new directions for identifying 2D magnetic systems with high TC. 相似文献
4.
Alicia Cintora Florian Käfer Chenyun Yuan Christopher K. Ober 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2022,60(4):666-673
Activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)-based aqueous miniemulsion polymerization where the polymerization takes place in the stabilized monomer droplets is described. In this work, we compared styrene, n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) and tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) and investigated the influence of their hydrophobicity on dispersity, molecular weight and particle stability based their partition coefficients (logP) (2.67, 2.23, and 1.86, respectively). Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) was used as a phase transfer agent for the controlled delivery of Cu2+-Br/tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA), a hydrophilic catalyst, into monomer droplets of varying hydrophobicity. The resulting dispersity and particle stability of each polymer is a function of its logP value, with the most hydrophobic monomer (styrene) displaying the narrowest dispersity and most control (Đ < 1.3), and the most hydrophilic polymer poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) having reduced emulsion stability, determined by the observation of aggregate formation. Selected polymerization parameters, including effects of total ascorbic acid feed concentration and the monomer concentration and their effects on dispersity are reported. The controlled polymerizations of hydrophilic monomers using ARGET-ATRP in miniemulsion conditions and understanding the effect of monomer hydrophilicity on the emulsion stability will broaden the use of ARGET-ATRP in emulsion polymerization for the synthesis of polymer-grafted nanoparticles with hydrophilic corona. 相似文献
5.
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science - The emerging chemical recyclable polymers, such as poly(γ-butyrolactone) (PGBL) and poly((R)-3,4-trans six-membered ring-fused GBL) (P((R)-M)), provide a... 相似文献
6.
Haicun Yang Shuipi Cai Yu Jiang Zheng Cao Wenzhong Ma Fanghong Gong Guoliang Tao Chunlin Liu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2022,60(10):1571-1587
The commonly used multi-center initiation methods always lead to the formation of quantities of homopolymer in the surface tailoring based on reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In this study, a monocenter redox pair constructed of silica bearing tert-butyl hydroperoxide groups and ascorbic acid (SiO2-TBHP/AsAc) was applied to substitute the commonly used initiation method of R-supported RAFT grafting polymerization. All the propagating radicals were restricted on the surface of solid particles during the whole procedure theoretically, resulting in a higher grafting efficiency of 95.1% combined with the “controllable” feature at 10 h. This redox pair was also used to initiate the reverse ATRP in miniemulsion successfully with a grafting efficiency of 86.3% at 10 h. The grafting efficiency obtained under this monocenter initiation method was significantly higher than that of the frequently reported surface modification by reverse ATRP and RAFT polymerization. In addition, the high-efficient surface tailoring was traced and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and other analysis tests. The advantage of this monocenter redox pair will open a new avenue for the potential “high-efficient” surface tailoring of various materials. 相似文献
7.
Nonlinear Dynamics - Epilepsy is the second largest neurological disease which seriously threatens human life and health. The one important reason of inducing epileptic seizures is ischemic stroke... 相似文献
8.
Ya-Shan Huang Yuan Xue Prof. Alvaro Muñoz-Castro Prof. Dr. Ivan A. Popov Prof. Dr. Zhong-Ming Sun 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(62):e202202192
During the past two decades, single-atom-centered medium-sized germanium clusters [M@Gen] (M=transition metals, n>12) have been extensively explored, both from theoretical perspectives and experimental gas-phase syntheses. However, the actual structural arrangements of the Ge13 and Ge14 endohedral cages are still ambiguous and have long remained an unresolved problem for experimental implementation. In this work, we successfully synthesize 13-/14-vertex Ge clusters [Nb@Ge13]3− ( 1 ) and [Nb@Ge14]3− ( 2 ), which are structurally characterized and exhibit unprecedented topologies, neither classical deltahedra nor 3-connected polyhedral structures. Theoretical analysis indicates that the major stabilization of the Ge backbones arises due to the substantial interaction of Ge 4p-AOs with the endohedral Nb 4d-AOs through three/four-center two-electron bonds with an enhanced electron density accumulated over the shortest Nb−Ge13 contact in 1 . Low occupancies of the direct two-center two-electron (2c–2e) Nb−Ge and Ge−Ge σ bonds point to a considerable degree of electron delocalization over the Ge cages revealing their electron deficiency. 相似文献
9.
磷酸酯类前药与原药相比,不仅能够提高药物靶向性、稳定性和生物利用度,减少药物毒副作用,还能掩蔽药物不适气味、提高水溶性从而改善给药途径。含羟基药物的磷酸酯化是该类药物前药设计的重要方法之一。本文根据中心磷原子的价态和化合物结构进行分类,综述了各种P(Ⅴ)四配位分子、P(Ⅲ)三配位分子和H-亚磷酸酯类化合物作为磷酸酯化试剂在磷酸酯类前药合成方法中的研究进展,并阐述了这些磷酸酯类药物的应用,最后总结了各类磷酸酯化试剂的优势与局限,并结合连续流反应技术应用案例展望了其发展趋势。 相似文献
10.
Longbin Xian Dr. Nanlin Zhang Zufu Luo Xiaolin Zhang Chonglin Yuan Prof. Dr. Xiuting Li 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(64):e202201682
The electronic structure of quantum dots (QDs) including band edges and possible trap states is an important physical property for optoelectronic applications. The reliable determination of the energy levels of QDs remains a big challenge. Herein we employ cyclic voltammetry (CV) to determine the energy levels of three types of ZnO QDs with different surface ligands. Coupled with spectroscopic techniques, it is found that the onset potential of the first reductive wave is likely related to the conduction band edges while the first oxidative wave originates from the trap states. The determined specific energy levels in CV further demonstrates that the ZnO QDs without surface ligands mainly have oxygen interstitial defects whilst the ZnO QDs covered with ligands contain oxygen vacancies. The present electrochemical method offers a powerful and effective way to determine the energy levels of wide bandgap ZnO QDs, which will boost their device performance. 相似文献