类圆环的夫琅和费衍射

圆环夫琅和费衍射已有精确解,更一般的类圆环夫琅和费衍射精确解未见报道.本文从基尔霍夫衍射积分公式出发,利用曲线坐标关系和类圆傅里叶变换,求得类圆环夫琅和费衍射的精确解,作出几种典型的类圆环的夫琅和费衍射图样,并对其进行了分析.     

飞秒脉冲初始脉宽和啁啾对其自相似演化及压缩的影响

采用自相似抛物脉冲放大器对飞秒脉冲直接进行放大,并以低非线性系数的光子带隙光纤作为脉冲压缩器对放大的脉冲进行压缩.通过分步傅里叶方法研究了飞秒脉冲的初始宽度和啁啾对其自相似演化和压缩的影响.研究结果表明脉冲宽度越宽,脉冲自相似演化程度越差,演化脉冲的压缩质量也越差,压缩脉冲宽度较大,且有基座;脉冲的初始啁啾会严重阻碍其自相似演化,并最终影响脉冲的压缩质量;啁啾越大,脉冲的自相似演化结果越差,脉冲的压缩质量也越差;正的啁啾对脉冲的自相似演化的影响比负啁啾的要大.     

B/N掺杂类直三角石墨烯纳米带器件引起的整流效应

基于密度泛函理论结合非平衡格林函数的方法, 研究了硼(氮)非对称掺杂类直三角石墨烯纳米带器件的电子输运性能. 计算结果表明: 单个硼或氮原子取代类直三角石墨烯纳米带顶点的碳原子后, 增强了体系的电导能力, 并且出现了新颖的整流效应. 分析表明: 这是由于硼氮掺杂类直三角石墨烯纳米带器件在正负偏压下分子能级的移动方向和前线分子轨道空间分布的不对称而产生的. 最重要的是, 当左右类直三角石墨烯纳米带的顶端原子同时被硼和氮掺杂后, 体系的整流效应显著增强, 而且出现负微分电阻效应.     

Comparison of click responses of primary auditory fibers with minimum-phase predictions

Minimum-phase impulse responses were constructed from the frequency threshold-response curves of primary auditory fibers in the anesthetized cat. These impulse responses had many of the same characteristics as the experimental click responses. The two types of responses had similar inter-peak intervals as well as similar (+/- 1.5 ms) latencies to the principal mode and similar (+/- 1.0 ms) intervals from response onset to the principal mode.     

Spectroscopic investigation of arsenate and selenate incorporation into hydroxylapatite

The mechanism(s) of arsenate and selenate incorporation into hydroxylapatite (HAP) using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was investigated for As- and Se-doped HAP samples with concentrations between 200 and 2500 ppm. EXAFS data on As and Se K-edges have shown similar local coordination environments and are similar to that of P in HAP, suggesting the substitution of arsenate or selenate tetrahedra on the phosphate sites. EXAFS best-fitting for As-doped samples shows that the first shell is fitted with approximately 4 O atoms at 1.68 Å, showing As(V) in tetrahedral coordination, and Se K-edge EXAFS data are characterized by the backscattering contributions an oxygen shell at 1.2 Å in the Fourier transform, which can be fit with 4 O atoms at 1.65 ± 0.01 Å. This is characteristic of Se–O distances in SeO₄ tetrahedron. These findings suggest that arsenate and selenate substitute for phosphate groups with local distortions during the incorporation of these metals into the structure of HAP.     

基于节点非结构模型的换热网络结构多样性分析及改进优化策略

强制进化随机游走算法优化换热网络过程中会出现个体结构相似现象,导致种群结构多样性下降,算法全局搜索能力不足,难以进一步优化换热网络结构。针对基于节点非结构模型的换热网络结构相似现象展开研究,制定两个评价指标衡量优化过程中个体结构相似水平,发现个体结构内相似换热单元数逐步增加,而相似换热单元的热负荷差距逐步减小,个体结构相似水平越来越高。基于此,以提升种群多样性为指导,提出换热单元排斥性进化策略,通过增大相似换热单元的热负荷差距,激励相似换热单元的差异性进化,从而改变结构进化方向,降低相似结构规模。最后应用20SP和15SP两个算例验证该策略的有效性,结构年综合费用与文献最优结果相比分别下降了12 105＄·a^-1和52 535＄·a^-1,说明该策略可以有效提升算法全局搜索能力。     

Correlations, risk and crisis: From physiology to finance

We study the dynamics of correlation and variance in systems under the load of environmental factors. A universal effect in ensembles of similar systems under the load of similar factors is described: in crisis, typically, even before obvious symptoms of crisis appear, correlation increases, and, at the same time, variance (and volatility) increases too. This effect is supported by many experiments and observations of groups of humans, mice, trees, grassy plants, and on financial time series.A general approach to the explanation of the effect through dynamics of individual adaptation of similar non-interactive individuals to a similar system of external factors is developed. Qualitatively, this approach follows Selye’s idea about adaptation energy.     

基于权重光谱角制图的高光谱矿物填图方法

分析光谱角制图方法缺陷的基础上,提出权重光谱角制图(weight spectral angle mapper,WSAM)方法.其基本思路为:在相似波谱曲线差异较大的特征区间设置权重,以增大它们相似度之间的差异.当识别某种矿物时,可找到参考波谱与其相似性矿物波谱差异较大的特征区间,并在此区间设置权重,从而使相似性矿物波谱...     

Quasi-distributed displacement sensor for structural monitoring using a commercial OTDR

A quasi-distributed displacement sensor for structural monitoring using an optical time domain reflectometer is demonstrated. Four displacement sensing heads are placed along a standard single mode optical fibre in several locations with different intervals. Their configurations introduce power loss through the decrease of their fibre loop radius when displacement is applied. The decrease of the light intensity with displacement variation is reported. Losses of 9 dB for a 120 mm displacement with a sensitivity of 0.027 dB/mm are reported. The quasi-distributed configuration is able to address sensors with 1 m distance resolution between them.     

用拟测井曲线重建声测井曲线的算法及应用

应用分形内插等数学模型建立了由拟测井曲线重建声测井曲线的算法,并将其应用处理四川丹凤场联井2线剖面的7条拟测井和南海的3条拟测井数据,得到的测井曲线同实测井曲线相比,其相关系数在70%以上。这一方法使得很可能从地震勘探的CDP记录得到类似声波测井的信息。     

光谱特征提取对近似矿物光谱差异性影响分析

矿物光谱特征是基于光学遥感数据对矿物进行种类识别及定量反演的理论基础,光谱特征提取是高光谱数据常用的技术手段,但在多光谱数据中较少涉及。近似矿物识别是矿物光谱分类应用中的难点,目前还缺少有效指标来指示近似矿物类别光谱的差异性。光谱特征提取有望提高矿物分类精度,但该处理对近似矿物光谱差异性的影响还缺少相关研究。本文从矿物光谱差异性的原理出发,通过类间和类内光谱角的比值体现不同类别群体差异,并引入样本量因素,提出了类别可分比作为近似矿物光谱差异性的指标。以明矾石和高岭石两种近似矿物为例,对USGS光谱库光谱及Hyperion,ASTER,OLI等传感器的模拟数据进行光谱特征提取处理,通过对比处理前后矿物光谱差异性的变化,分析光谱特征提取对近似矿物光谱差异性的影响。实验结果表明,有效的光谱特征提取可以显著提高近似矿物光谱差异性,并且光谱分辨率越高,近似矿物光谱差异性越大。此外,光谱分辨率及中心波长设置对于包络线去除结果有很大影响,多光谱数据吸收特征提取效果有待进一步提高。该研究为今后近似矿物光谱识别精度的提高奠定了基础,也为未来新型遥感找矿传感器参数设置提供了参考。     

含铝炸药水中爆炸冲击波相似律适应性探索

针对含铝炸药非理想性显著的特点,探索其水中爆炸后远场冲击波相似律的适用性。实验在8 kg当量TNT的爆炸水池中进行,在距离爆心不同位置处测量了冲击波压力剖面曲线,得到了峰值压力和压力衰减时间,结合量纲分析方法和含铝炸药的特点,对冲击波相似律适用性问题进行了探讨。实验结果表明,对于含铝炸药来说,存在着峰值压力相似而时间常数不太相似的特点,这与铝粉的二次反应放能有关。     

Ab initio molecular dynamics study on the local structures in Ce_(70)Al_(30) and La_(70)Al_(30) metallic glasses

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of similar elements on the shortto medium-range atomic packing features in Ce_(70)Al_(30) and La_(70)Al_(30) glass-forming alloys. 4 f electrons of Ce element in Ce_(70)Al_(30) alloy were properly treated in electronic calculations. The local atomic structures in both alloys are qualitatively similar. However, the local environments of Al atoms in Ce_(70)Al_(30) alloy show fluctuation with temperature in the cooling process, which could result from 4 f electrons of Ce elements. Surprisingly, the medium-range atomic packing features of Al atoms in both MGs are quite different, although Ce and La elements are similar. These findings are useful for understanding the enhanced glass-forming ability by similar element substitution in RE-based MGs from a medium-range structure perspective.     

红外光谱相似谱及其在中药鉴别中的应用

红外光谱相似谱能描述两红外光谱相似的程度,在波数_i处相关谱的值r_i能反映两红外光谱在[_i-n, _i+n]区间内线性相关程度的大小,值在-1～1之间,r_i>0意味着两光谱正相关,r_i<0意味着负相关,r_i=0则没有线性关系。在偏移量n一定的条件下,依相似谱形状的差异可辅助红外光谱的解析,用相似谱或相似谱提供的信息提取的光谱特征值可用于模式识别。计算了18个黄芪、红兰芪和党参样本在1 600～700 cm-1范围内的红外光谱相似谱,结果表明各类药材均有各自的特征相似谱,凭借这些可实现对它们的鉴别;依灵芝红外光谱相似谱提供的信息,计算了1 560~1 502,1 460~1 421和1 319~1 260 cm-1三个波数区间内93个灵芝样本红外光谱的相关系数,在无先验知识的情况下,K-means聚类分析法成功地将其分为了赤芝和紫芝类、黑芝类、青芝类和黄芝类,这一分类结果与形态分类法得到的结果基本一致。     

Nucleation, growth and morphology of Co thin films on Ag(1 1 0)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments reveal that Co growth on Ag(1 1 0), at coverages of Co < 1 ML and low substrate temperatures (150 K), involves a concomitant insertion of Co into the top Ag layer and exchange of Ag out onto the surface. At 300 K, coverages of Co > 1 ML gives rise to a 3D nanocluster growth on the surface, with the clusters covered by Ag. Depending slightly on coverage, the clusters have a typical diameter of 3 nm and a height of 0.4 nm. Upon annealing to 500 K, major changes are observed in the morphology of the surface. STM and AES show that there is a reduction of the number of Co islands on the surface, partly due to subsurface Co cluster migration and partly due to sintering into larger clusters.     

1H NMR确证6-氟-5(或7)-氯-3-苯基-4-(1H)-喹啉酮衍生物的结构

作者合成了6-氟-3-(取代)苯基-4-(¹H)-喹啉酮的5-氯衍生物与7-氯衍生物,二者极性差异小,难于分离,以混合物形式存在.所合成的化合物均未见文献报道,本文通过¹H NMR上的化学位移、积分面积以及偶合常数确证了混合物中两组份的结构.     

平顶高斯光束和超高斯光束传输特性的相似性

 在直角坐标系下对平顶高斯光束和超高斯光束的传输特性的相似性问题作了讨论。研究表明,当有相同的M²因子但束宽不同的平顶高斯光束和超高斯光束通过光阑效应可忽略ABCD光学系统传输时,在广义菲涅尔数F相等处有相似的光强分布。对于有光阑和用球差透镜聚焦的情况,若平顶高斯光束和超高斯光束具有相同的M²因子和束腰宽度,则在相同传输距离处仍可得到相似的光强分布。     

The emission characteristics of an indium needle-type liquid metal ion source

Operational data for an indium needle-type liquid metal ion source are presented. Detailed comparisons are drawn between these characteristics and those of a similar gallium source. The behaviours of the two sources are found to be strikingly similar, indicating a common mechanism of ion emission.     

Numerical demonstration of fluctuation dynamo at low magnetic Prandtl numbers

Direct numerical simulations of incompressible nonhelical randomly forced MHD turbulence are used to demonstrate for the first time that the fluctuation dynamo exists in the limit of large magnetic Reynolds number Rm>1 and small magnetic Prandtl number Pm<1. The dependence of the critical Rmc for dynamo on the hydrodynamic Reynolds number Re is obtained for 1 less than or similar Re less than or similar 6700. In the limit Pm<1, Rmc is about 3 times larger than for the previously well-established dynamo at large and moderate Prandtl numbers: Rmc less than or similar 200 for Re greater than or similar 6000 compared to Rmc approximately 60 for Pm>or=1. It is not yet possible to determine numerically whether the growth rate of the magnetic energy is proportional, Rm1/2 in the limit Rm-->infinity, as it should be if the dynamo is driven by the inertial-range motions at the resistive scale.     

Carbon nanotube–polymer composites for photonic devices

We report the fabrication of high optical quality single wall carbon nanotube polyvinyl alcohol composites and their application in nanotube based photonic devices. These show a broad absorption of semiconductor tubes centred at 1.55 μm, the spectral range of interest for optical communications. The films are used as mode-lockers in an erbium doped fibre laser, achieving 700 fs mode-locked pulses. Raman spectroscopy shows no damage after a long time continuous laser operation.