Bejan flow visualization of free convection in a Jeffrey fluid from a semi-infinite vertical cylinder

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This article studies the pattern of heat lines in free convection non-Newtonian flow from a semi-infinite vertical cylinder via Bejan’s heat...     

Structural characterization,thermal, DFT,cytotoxicity, and antimetastatic properties of cocaine complexes with La(III), Er(III), and Yb(III)

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Reaction of cocaine (Cn) with Ln(III) chloride salts [where Ln?=?La(III), Er(III), and Yb(III)] afforded complexes of the [Ln(Cn)Cl(OH2)3].2Cl type...     

Mass cultivation of various algal species and their evaluation as a potential candidate for lipid production

Microalgae have been proposed as a promising source for biodiesel production. Focusing on algal strains for biodiesel production, efforts should be made to search new strains. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of growth parameters (nutrients, pH, light, aeration and temperature) and the oil percentage of eight algal strains (Chlorella sp., Cladophora sp., Hydrodictylium sp., Oedogonium sp., Oscillatoria sp., Spirogyra sp., Stigeocolonium sp., Ulothrix sp.). Results show that 6.5–7.5 is the optimum pH for the growth of all algal species. Temperature showed a greater variation (25°40°C). Ulothrix sp. gave more biomass productivity and is the most suitable strain for biodiesel production due to higher oil percentage (62%). Least biomass production was observed for Stigeocolonium sp. and least oil content was obtained from Hydrodictylium sp. It was observed that among these eight algal strains for biodiesel production, Ulothrix and Chlorella are the most promising algae species.     

Insights into the Intraspecific Variability of the above and Belowground Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Tomato

The in-vivo monitoring of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions is a potential non-invasive tool in plant protection, especially in greenhouse cultivation. We studied VOC production from above and belowground organs of the eight parents of the Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross population (MAGIC) tomato population, which exhibits a high genetic variability, in order to obtain more insight into the variability of constitutive VOC emissions from tomato plants under stress-free conditions. Foliage emissions were composed of terpenes, the majority of which were also stored in the leaves. Foliage emissions were very low, partly light-dependent, and differed significantly among genotypes, both in quantity and quality. Soil with roots emitted VOCs at similar, though more variable, rates than foliage. Soil emissions were characterized by terpenes, oxygenated alkanes, and alkenes and phenolic compounds, only a few of which were found in root extracts at low concentrations. Correlation analyses revealed that several VOCs emitted from foliage or soil are jointly regulated and that above and belowground sources are partially interconnected. With respect to VOC monitoring in tomato crops, our results underline that genetic variability, light-dependent de-novo synthesis, and belowground sources are factors to be considered for successful use in crop monitoring.     

Direct Introduction of an Alkylsulfonamido Group on C-sites of Isomeric Dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes: The Influence of Stereochemistry on Inhibitory Activity against the Cancer-Associated Carbonic Anhydrase IX Isoenzyme

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a tumor-associated metalloenzyme, represents a validated target for cancer therapy and diagnostics. Herein, we report the inhibition properties of isomeric families of sulfonamidopropyl-dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes group(s) prepared using a new direct five-step synthesis from the corresponding parent cages. The protocol offers a reliable solution for synthesis of singly and doubly substituted dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes with a different geometric position of carbon atoms. The closo-compounds from the ortho- and meta-series were then degraded to corresponding 11-vertex dicarba-nido-undecaborate(1−) anions. All compounds show in vitro enzymatic activity against CA IX in the low nanomolar or subnanomolar range. This is accompanied by clear isomer dependence of the inhibition constant (K_i) and selectivity towards CA IX. Decreasing trends in K_i and selectivity index (S_I) values are observed with increasing separation of the cage carbon atoms. Interactions of compounds with the active sites of CA IX were explored with X-ray crystallography, and eight high-resolution crystal structures uncovered the structural basis of inhibition potency and selectivity.     

Synthesis and characterization studies of 3-formyl chromone Schiff base complexes and their application as antitumor,antioxidant and antimicrobial

A novel Schiff base namely (E)-3-((2,6-dihydroxypyrimidin-4-ylimino)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one and its Co (II), N (II)i, Cu (II) and Cd (II) complexes have been synthesized and proved by elemental analysis, molar conductance, thermal analysis (TGA), Inductive Coupled plasma (ICP), magnetic moment measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, IR, EI-mass,¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR,UV–Vis. and ESR spectral studies. On the basis of these data, it is evident that the Schiff base acts as bidentate via oxygen atom of carbonyl group and azomethine nitrogen atom for Co (II) complex; monobasic bidentate ligand for Ni (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) complexes via oxygen atom of hydroxyl group and nitrogen atom of pyrimidine ring. The results showed all complexes have octahedral geometry. The average particle size of the ligand and its complexes were found to be 1.010–0.343 nm. The pharmacological action (antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer) of the prepared compounds is studied. The antitumor activity of the ligand and its metal complexes is evaluated against human liver carcinoma (HEPG2) cell. The data displayed the Co (II) complexes strong cytotoxicity where IC₅₀ values of Co (II) complex and 5-fluorouracil (stander drug) are 9.33 and 7.86 μg/ml respectively. The Co (II) and Cd (II) complexes have antibacterial activity more than ampicillin (stander drug). The interaction of the synthesized compounds with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been performed via absorption spectra and viscosity technique. The DNA- binding constants have been determined.     

Aminomethyl Transfer (Mannich) Reactions Between an O-Triethylsilylated Hemiaminal and Anilines,RnC6H5−nNH2 Leading to New Diamines,Triamines, Imines,or 1,3,5-Triazines Dependent upon Substituent R

The reactions of the Mannich reagent Et₃SiOCH₂NMe₂ ( 1 ) with a variety of anilines (mono-substituted RC₆H₄NH₂, R=H, 4-CN, 4-NO₂, 4-Ph, 4-Me, 4-MeO, 4-Me₂N; di-substituted R₂C₆H₃NH₂, R₂=3,5-(CH₃)₂, 3,5-(CF₃)₂; tri-substituted R₃C₆H₂NH₂, R₃=3,5-Me₂-4-Br and a “super bulky” aniline (Ar*NH₂) [Ar*=2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-tert-butylphenyl]) led to the formation of a range of products dependent upon the substituent. With electron-withdrawing substituents, previously unknown diamines, RC₆H₄NH(CH₂NMe₂) [R=CN ( 2 a ), NO₂ ( 2 b )] and R₂C₆H₃NH(CH₂NMe₂) [R₂=3,5-(CF₃)₂ ( 2 c) ] were formed. Further reaction of 2 a , b , c with 1 yielded the corresponding triamines RC₆H₄N(CH₂NMe₂)₂ (R=CN ( 3 a ), NO₂ ( 3 b ) and R₂C₆H₃N(CH₂NMe₂)₂, R₂=3,5-(CF₃)₂ ( 3 c ). The new polyamines were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and for 2 a , 2 c _, and 3 c , by single crystal XRD. In the case of electron-donating groups, R=4-OMe, 4-NMe₂, 4-Me, 3,5-Me₂, 3,5-Me₂-4-Br, and for R=4-Ph, the reactions with 1 immediately led to the formation of the related 1,3,5-triazines, R=4-MeO ( 5 a ), 4-Me₂N ( 5 b ), 4-Me ( 5 c ), 3,5-Me₂ ( 5 d ), 3,5-Me₂-4-Br ( 5 e ), 4-Ph ( 5 f ), 4-Cl ( 5 g ). The “super bulky” aniline rapidly produced a single product, namely the corresponding imine Ar*N=CH₂ ( 4 ) which was also characterized by single crystal XRD. Imine 4 is both thermally and oxidatively stable. All reactions are very fast, thus based upon the presence of Si we are tempted to denote the reactions of 1 as examples of “Silick” chemistry.     

Validated ecofriendly chromatographic method for quantitative determination of anti‐migraine quaternary mixture

A novel ecofriendly, cost and time saving high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of metoclopramide, ergotamine, caffeine, and paracetamol in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was carried out on silica gel plates, using ethyl acetate:ethanol:ammonia (9:1:0.1, v/v/v) as a developing system. Ultraviolet detection was carried out at 272 nm. The resulting retention times were 0.15, 0.36, 0.49, and 0.74 min for metoclopramide, ergotamine, caffeine, and paracetamol, respectively. The greenness profile assessment was achieved to the proposed method to evaluate its greenness characters to the environment with acceptable results. Validation parameters were checked according to International Conference of Harmonization guidelines to achieve the international requirements for quality control analysis of the proposed drugs.     

Development of a Chitosan/Nickel Phthalocyanine Composite Based Conductometric Micro-sensor for Methanol Detection

Thin-film composite of chitosan/nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was electrochemically deposited on the fingers of interdigitated gold electrodes, applying chronoamperometric polymerization technique. The presence of crystallized NiPc in the chitosan was confirmed by EDX and FTIR analysis. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol gas-sensing properties of the films prepared at optimum conditions were studied at atmospheric temperature, through differential measurements at an optimized frequency of 10 kHz, using a lock-in amplifier. The conductometric sensor presents the highest sensitivity of 60.2 μS.cm⁻¹(v/v) for methanol and 700 ppm as the limit of detection. For validation, the methanol content of a commercial rubbing alcohol was determined.     

New fused pyrroles with rA1/A2A antagonistic activity as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders

Molecular Diversity - In a pilot study, eleven pyrrolopyridine and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives (specifically, 7-azaindole and 7-deazapurine derivatives) were synthesised by Suzuki cross-coupling...