软材料接触力学问题的实验研究

针对硫化硅橡胶在刚性压头作用下的大变形接触问题,研究了橡胶类软材料接触区区域变形场的实验测量技术。为了研究硫化硅橡胶与刚性体在试件内部接触的大变形问题,本文提出了一种体内数字栅云纹实验技术,给出了该技术的原理和实现方法。然后运用数字图像处理方法得到了橡胶材料大变形位移u场、v场,并结合橡胶材料在压头作用下的理论分区模型,分析了软材料接触区域的大变形场,讨论了接触区域的变形分区规律,并初步给出了接触区域应变计算方法。     

添加铝对纳米合金Nd10.5Fe78-xCo5ZrxB6.5（x=0～5）的微观结构与磁性能的影响

研究了Zr元素对Nd10.5Fe78-xCo5ZrxB6.5(x=0，2，4，5)纳米晶双相永磁材料的磁性能与结构的影响。结果表明：适量地添加2％的Zr可以显著增强合金的内禀矫顽力，而且可以有效抑制α—Fe和Nd2Fe14B晶粒的长大，细化晶粒，改善结构。在Nd10.5Fe76Co5Zr2B6.5(x=2)合金中可以获得分布更加均匀、晶粒尺寸约为20nm的微观结构。     

Effect of Zr Addition on Glass-Forming Ability and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Nd-Al-B Alloys Prepared by Suction Casting

The microstructure and magnetic behaviors of the Fe-Nd-Al-B alloys prepared by suction casting with zirconium addition are investigated. With the small amount of zirconium addition, the magnetic properties of the alloys change from hard magnetic property to soft magnetic property. The proper addition of Zr （6%） not only improves the glass forming ability, but also suppresses the crystallization. From the scanning electron microscopy of the [（Fe0.53Nd0.37 Al0.10 ）0.96B0.04]94Zr6 alloy and the local average elemental compositions determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, the amorphous phase with a composition of Fe47Nd38Al12Zra in the alloy can be observed. The bulk amorphous Fe47Nd38Al12Zr3 alloy is prepared by suction casting exhibiting good glassforming ability and soft magnetic behavior.     

Effect of thermal deformation on giant magnetoresistance of flexible spin valves grown on polyvinylidene fluoride membranes

We fabricated flexible spin valves on polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) membranes and investigated the influence of thermal deformation of substrates on the giant magnetoresistance(GMR) behaviors. The large magnetostrictive Fe_(81)Ga_(19)(Fe Ga) alloy and the low magnetostrictive Fe_(19)Ni_(81)(Fe Ni) alloy were selected as the free and pinned ferromagnetic layers.In addition, the exchange bias(EB) of the pinned layer was set along the different thermal deformation axes α_(31) or α_(32) of PVDF. The GMR ratio of the reference spin valves grown on Si intrinsically increases with lowering temperature due to an enhancement of spontaneous magnetization. For flexible spin valves, when decreasing temperature, the anisotropic thermal deformation of PVDF produces a uniaxial anisotropy along the α_(32) direction, which changes the distribution of magnetic domains. As a result, the GMR ratio at low temperature for spin valves with EB α_(32)becomes close to that on Si, but for spin valves with EB α_(31)is far away from that on Si. This thermal effect on GMR behaviors is more significant when using magnetostrictive Fe Ga as the free layer.     

Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2大块非晶合金晶化过程中的结构及磁性能变化

利用吸铸的方法制备了Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2大块非晶合金。采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)，X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2大块非晶合金在晶化过程中的微观结构及磁性能的变化情况。Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2大块非晶合金在低于723K退火时，富Nd相和富Fe相的析出对于合金的矫顽力影响不大。但是，富Fe相的长大使合金的饱和磁化强度和剩磁下降明显。合金完全晶化后，硬磁性迅速消失。     

硼对硬磁性Nd60Fe20Al10Co10大块非晶合金的磁性与晶化行为的影响

利用示差扫描量热法，X射线衍射法和振动样品磁强计研究了少量B元素对Nd60Fe20All0Col0大块非晶合金的磁性和晶化行为的影响。研究表明，用B元素部分取代Nd元素后，其内禀矫顽力有所增大，饱和磁化强度降低。晶化后，Nd60Fe20All0Col0大块非晶合金退火折出的晶体相对硬磁性能无明显影响，而Nd58Fe20All0Col0B2合金退火析出非铁磁性的Nd1.lFe4B4相，使内禀矫顽力、饱和磁化强度、居里温度降低。     

仿生皮肤软材料大变形场的数字云纹实验

软物质等大变形材料是近年来力学与材料科学关注的热点问题,与之相关的实验研究也引起格外关注.本文将数字云纹实验技术应用于大变形材料力学实验,研究了软材料大变形场的实验测量与表征技术;以仿生皮肤材料缝线力学的应用为例进行实验分析,通过坐标变换给出集中力作用下的大变形材料径向变形场ur和环向变形场uθ的全场分布,并研究了缝线针口附近区域的变形场分布.分析结果表明,大变形材料的变形场存在明显的扇区变形特征.本文还进一步讨论了两种不同缝合方式下针口周边区域的力学变形特征,并初步分析了不同缝合方式对切口愈合产生的影响.