微波辅助法一步合成荧光碳点用于水中三价铁离子的检测

以柠檬酸为碳源,丙三醇为反应溶剂和微波吸收介质,通过微波辅助法一步合成了荧光碳点.该方法快速、环保,合成的碳点尺寸均一、分散性好.利用透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对所合成碳点的结构和性质进行了表征.基于三价铁离子能够选择性地猝灭碳点荧光的特性,建立了基于碳点检测实际水样品中Fe~(3+)的方法.该方法线性范围为5～50μmol/L,检出限为2.16μmol/L,在加标样品中Fe~(3+)的加标回收率为96.8%～106.0%.     

New progress on beam availability and reliability of PKU high intensity CW proton ECR ion source

The stability and reliability of an ion source and its beam availability are extremely significant for any accelerator,especially for those high current long term CW operation ones like ADS. Although the first high quality 306-hours continuous wave(CW) operating curve at 50 m A@35 ke V has been successfully obtained with a standard compact 2.45 GHz ECR ion source at Peking University(PKU), but the uncertainties that caused beam trips before are unacceptable during an accelerator real operation and should be eliminated. Meanwhile, no permission will be given when the beam power is upgraded from 50 m A@35 ke V to 50 m A@50 ke V. To improve the PKU CW proton source quality, several upgrades were done recently. After those improvements, a new long term CW proton beam experiment at 50 m A@50 ke V was carried out in June 2016. The total running time is 300.5 hours, including near 6 hours ion source preparation and 294 hours non-disturb continuous operation. Within the continuous 13 days operation, no beam-off happened, no spark was observed,no beam drop appeared, no interrupting action was needed, and only a few beam fluctuations caused by the air conditional failure occurred. Beam availability and reliability within the 294 hours is 100%. The root-mean-square(RMS) emittance of this 50 m A@50 ke V CW proton beam is about 0.186 π.mm.mrad. A careful inspection of the ion source was done after this long term operation and no obvious damage was found. The restart experimental results obtained after the ion source inspection prove the high repeatability of PKU PMECRIS. In addition, a 130-m A H+beam was obtained at 50 k V with duty factor of 10%(100 Hz/1 ms) with this source. Details will be presented in this paper.     

Analysis and Verification of the Relationship between the Maximum Mass Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Electrode Parameters

We analyze the effect of electrode diameter and thickness on the mass sensitivity. Through the theoretical approximate calculation, we find that the mass sensitivity does not change monotonically with electrode diameter and there is a maximum point. The optimum electrode diameter corresponding to the maximum mass sensitivity varies with the electrode thickness. For a particular electrode diameter, a quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)with thick electrode has a higher mass sensitivity. A proper plating experiment using 35 QCMs with different electrode diameters and thicknesses verifies this finding. The present study further reveals how electrode size affects mass sensitivity and is helpful for QCM design.     

指数掺杂反射式GaAlAs和GaAs光电阴极比较研究

采用指数掺杂技术, 通过金属有机化学气相沉积法外延生长了反射式GaAlAs和GaAs光电阴极, GaAlAs发射层的Al组分设计为0.63. 在超高真空系统中分别对两种阴极进行激活实验, 得到激活后的光谱响应曲线. 利用指数掺杂反射式光电阴极量子效率公式对实验曲线进行拟合并分析了电子漂移扩散长度、后界面复合速率、表面电子逸出几率等性能参数对光电发射性能的影响. 结果表明, 与GaAs光电阴极相比, GaAlAs光电阴极的Al组分虽然在一定程度上不利于光电发射, 但是解决了GaAs光电阴极由于响应波段宽而不能很好地用于窄波段可见光探测领域的问题, 制备出只对蓝绿光响应的反射式GaAlAs光电阴极.     

GaN真空面电子源光电发射机理研究

采用Cs源持续、O源断续的交替方法成功激活了GaN光电阴极,原位测试了透射模式下的光谱响应曲线,获得了透射模式下高达13%的量子效率.从一维定态薛定谔方程入手,得到了GaN真空面电子源材料的电子透射系数的表达式.对于一定形状的阴极表面势垒,电子透射系数决定于入射电子能量、表面势垒的高度和宽度.根据具有负电子亲和势(NEA)特性的透射式GaN光电阴极的能带及Cs,O覆盖过程中阴极表面势垒的变化情况,结合双偶极层[CaN(Mg):Cs]:O-Cs表面模型,分析了GaN真空面电子源材料NEA特性的形成原因.研究表明:Cs,O激活过程中形成的双偶极层对电子逸出起促进作用,双偶极层的形成是材料表面真空能级下降的原因. 关键词： GaN 电子源 透射系数 双偶极层     

超高真空系统中GaAlAs光电阴极的重新铯化研究

为了探索在超高真空系统中使用稳定性和重复性好的光电阴极,开展了金属有机化学气相沉积生长的反射式GaAlAs和GaAs光电阴极的激活实验和重新铯化实验,测试了Cs/O激活后和重新补Cs后的光谱响应曲线和光电流衰减曲线.实验结果表明,在100 lx白光照射条件下,超高真空环境中的GaAlAs光电阴极在Cs/O激活后和重新补Cs激活后的光电流衰减寿命相比GaAs光电阴极更长,并且在多次补Cs激活后呈现较一致的蓝绿光响应能力和光电流衰减寿命,体现了GaAlAs光电阴极在真空系统中稳定性和可重复性使用方面具有的优越性,为海洋真空探测器件和真空电子源领域的研究提供了实验指导.     

像增强器光阴极在热冲击环境下噪声频谱分析

利用自行设计的CMETS005型检测与光谱测试系统对微光瞄准镜进行测试,完成了像增强器光阴极在热冲击环境下的噪声频谱特性测试。试验与分析结果表明:像增强器经过温度冲击后的噪声功率谱在0~1kHz范围内随频率增加而变化较大,呈1/f噪声特性。当环境温度升高时,光电阴极中的热致电流密度增大,从而导致微光瞄准镜观察景物图像时的对比度与鉴别率降低,最后引起夜视系统探测目标性能的下降。     

Understanding hydrogen plasma processes based on the diagnostic results of 2.45 GHz ECRIS at Peking University

Optical emission spectroscopy(OES), as a simple in situ method without disturbing the plasma, has been performed for the plasma diagnosis of a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance(PMECR) ion source at Peking University(PKU). A spectrum measurement platform has been set up with the quartz-chamber electron cyclotron resonance(ECR) ion source [Patent Number: ZL 201110026605.4] and experiments were carried out recently. The electron temperature and electron density inside the ECR plasma chamber have been measured with the method of line intensity ratio of noble gas. Hydrogen plasma processes inside the discharge chamber are discussed based on the diagnostic results. What is more, the superiority of the method of line intensity ratio of noble gas is indicated with a comparison to line intensity ratio of hydrogen. Details will be presented in this paper.     

负电子亲和势GaN真空面电子源研究进展

结合国内和国外的最新研究成果,论述了目前在NEA GaN真空面电子源研究方面的现状. 从光电发射理论、表面净化方法、阴极激活工艺、光谱响应测试以及材料本身特性等方面针对GaN真空电子源的研究取得了一定成绩:初步研究了NEA GaN电子源的光电发射机理;给出了可获得原子级清洁表面的净化方法;采用Cs或Cs/O对GaN材料进行了有效激活;测试了GaN真空电子源材料的光谱响应;探讨了影响电子源量子效率的材料特性. 指出了下一步研究需要关注的内容. 关键词： NEA GaN 电子源 光谱响应     

应用真三维岩体建模仿真技术推进岩石力学教学改革

随着计算机技术的发展和研究项目最新成果的取得, 把岩体真三维建模仿真技术引入到岩石 力学教学改革与实践中, 挖掘教学资源潜力; 开展岩体结构、岩石变形与破坏过程的数值试 验, 再现许多物理实验所不能观察到的力学现象, 例如岩体的空间真三维结构、岩石破坏过 程块体滑落等, 从而使学生对岩石的变形与破坏过程有更加清晰的认识, 提高岩石力学实验 的教学质量.