开放光程扬尘颗粒物浓度测量方法及系统

利用单波长激光通过扬尘空间发生散射消光衰减的特性,设计了开放光程的颗粒物浓度检测方法及系统。该方法利用双峰正态分布模型模拟颗粒物粒径分布,实时计算一定空间范围内的扬尘颗粒物浓度,具有响应速度快、测量动态范围宽的优点,适合浓度高、变化快、空间范围大的扬尘颗粒物浓度测量。通过水溶胶模拟实验与烟尘实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验数据表明,系统量程可达0~400mg/m3,分辨率为0.05mg/m3,响应时间小于1s。     

二维相关光谱法及其在蛋白类物质分析中的研究进展

二维相关光谱法是将特定形式的微扰作用于样品,通过测定一系列扰动作用下的动态光谱,结合数学相关分析,获取与样品中分子结构及作用力相关的二维相关谱特征。该方法主要基于分子振动光谱,将一维光谱扩展到二维空间,能有效提高光谱分辨率,从而识别原始光谱中重叠的分子振动变化特征,为研究分子内及分子间的化学键变化提供依据,在生物医学、药学、食品科学、环境科学以及高分子材料等领域应用广泛。自1986年Noda提出广义二维相关算法以来,二维相关光谱衍生出了投影二维相关、串联二维相关、基于模型的二维相关、异质谱二维相关、移动窗口二维相关等算法。随着近年来生物技术的迅速发展,多肽、蛋白质、酶等蛋白类物质由于参与人体重要生理化学反应过程,对其结构(尤其是高级构象)的分析是研究蛋白类物质质量及疗效的关键。二维相关光谱方法为生物医药中蛋白类物质结构研究提供了快速、无损的定性定量分析方法,可分析蛋白质类物质高级结构中的细微变化,为生物大分子药物机制机理研究提供有力的支撑。综述了二维相关光谱技术的基本原理、谱图解析方法和技术进展,以及其在蛋白类物质分析中的应用方向和前景,为相关领域研究人员应用二维相关光谱法开展蛋白类物...     

Net analyte signal with floating reference theory in non-invasive blood glucose sensing by near-infrared spectroscopy

Based on the floating reference theory, a new method for extracting the net analyte signal (NAS) is proposed. The noise background subspace is spanned by spectra at the floating radial reference point, and then, the spectra at the measurement point are projected on the subspace. Thereafter, the glucose concentrations in intralipid solutions are investigated through Monte Carlo simulation and experiments, and the partial least squares (PLS) models with and without NAS analysis are built. The root mean square errors of calibration and prediction reach to 28.87% and 27.33%, respectively. The results confirm the existence of information induced by glucose concentration variations as well as the validity of the floating reference theory.     

血红蛋白对胆红素光学检测的影响分析

针对实验得到的光谱数据,应用偏最小二乘回归方法进行多变量建模,结果发现:血红蛋白的加入使建立模型的主成分数从一个变为三个,而对模型贡献最大的波长从459 nm变为432 nm和433 nm,说明偏最小二乘模型的原始光谱数据变量引进了血红蛋白的吸收噪音.结合偏最小二乘建模的原理与评价指标分析表明:较纯胆红素溶液而言,混合溶液模型预测均方根误差增大了24.90%,相关系数减小了0.29%,加入血红蛋白后的模型对胆红素浓度预测能力降低.进一步分析血红蛋白和胆红素及其混合溶液吸收光谱发现:在检测的紫外可见光波段两者吸收光谱发生重叠,两者混合溶液在408 nm处产生一个新的吸收峰,且相比同浓度血红蛋白吸收峰而言408 nm处吸收峰发生了减色效应,这是由于血红蛋白与胆红素混合会发生某些弱的键位结合引起的,新的吸收峰改变了建模所用的主成分数,降低了模型的预测能力.结果说明在胆红素经皮测量中必须采取措施减少血红蛋白的影响,才能提高胆红素经皮检测的准确度.     

超短时延测量DFB激光器的动态线宽

激光器调谐过程中的动态线宽是非常重要的参数, 然而, 当前各种测量方法得到的都是激光器稳定状态下的静态线宽. 本文提出一种对干涉拍信号进行基于局部均值分解的时频分析进而获取激光动态线宽的方法, 通过仿真信号验证了这种时频分析方法提取瞬时相位噪声的有效性; 构建实验系统, 利用10cm路径差产生约0.5ns的超短时延, 提取相位噪声的时频分布, 首次得到了分布反馈半导体激光器在脉冲工作模式下的动态线宽. 关键词： 超短时延 动态线宽 局部均值分解 时频分布     

Determination of optimal source-detector separation in measuring chromophores in layered tissue with diffuse reflectance

Based on analysis of the relation between mean penetration depth and source-detector separation in a three-layer model with the method of Monte-Carlo simulation, an optimal source-detector separation is derived from the mean penetration depth referring to monitoring the change of chromophores concentration of the sandwiched layer. In order to verify the separation, we perform Monte-Carlo simulations with varied absorption coefficient of the sandwiched layer. All these diffuse reflectances are used to construct a calibration model with the method of partial least square (PLS). High correlation coefficients and low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) at the optimal separation have confirmed correctness of the selection. This technique is expected to show light on noninvasive diagnosis of near-infrared spectroscopy.     

High-Average-Power Nanosecond Quasi-Phase-Matched Single-Pass Optical Parametric Generator in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate

A pulsed nanosecond optical parametric generator (OPG) in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crysal is presented. The pump laser is an acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser with the maximum average power of 6.58 W. When the repetition rate is 50kHz and the pulse width of the pump source is 80ns, the maximum average total output power of the single-pass PPLN OPG is about 1.9 W, which includes 1.322 W of 1.536μm signal radiation. The length of the PPLN crystal is only 38.7mm (at room temperature) with a grating period of 28.93μm (at room temperature). The 1.502-1.536μm signal radiation and 3.652-3.465μm idler radiation are obtained by adjusting the PPLN crystal temperature from 155℃ to 250℃.     

复合近红外光谱法在牛奶测定中的应用

研究了用于快速测定牛奶主要成分含量的近红外透射光谱法和漫反射光谱法,分析了两种方法在实际测量中的差异,并提出将两种方法结合形成复合光谱法用于牛奶成分含量的检测。结果表明:复合光谱法的应用有效地提高了多变量回归分析中牛奶成分含量的预测精度。     

漫反射接触测量中压力不敏感径向检测位置存在性研究

近红外无创漫反射检测中光纤探头与被测组织之间接触压力变化会导致测量准确性和稳定性较差。以压力不敏感径向检测位置采集漫反射光信号,以此削弱接触压力带来的测量误差,并在Monte Carlo模拟与在体实验中验证了压力不敏感位置的存在性。首先,结合人体皮肤结构模型和力学特性,建立了接触压力与皮肤组织参数之间的定量关系,并利用Monte Carlo模拟仿真分析了不同接触压力下1 000～1 320 nm波段内,不同径向检测距离处漫反射光强的变化;其次,搭建了基于超辐射发光二极管光源的多环光纤束检测系统,在体测量了三位志愿者在不同压力下的漫反射光信号。最后,评价了人体压力不敏感径向检测位置与其他位置处接收的光信号稳定性。模拟结果表明,在距入射径向距离1.3～1.5 mm范围内,接收到的漫反射光强近似不受压力变化影响,即存在压力不敏感径向检测位置。在体实验表明,在1 050,1 219和1 314 nm波长下均存在压力不敏感径向检测位置,位于距入射点0.78～1.0 mm范围内,初步验证了压力不敏感径向检测位置在人体的存在性,与其他径向位置相比,在压力不敏感径向检测位置处测得光强信号信噪比更高。因此,基于压力不敏感径向检测位置的测量方法可以有效降低接触压力变化对接收光谱的影响,有望提高近红外无创漫反射检测的精度。     

Dynamic thermal modeling and parameter identification for a monolithic laser diode module

We improved the thermal equivalent-circuit model of the laser diode module(LDM) to evaluate its thermal dynamic properties and calculate the junction temperature of the laser diode with a high accuracy.The thermal parameters and the transient junction temperature of the LDM are modeled and obtained according to the temperature of the thermistor integrated in the module.Our improved thermal model is verified indirectly by monitoring the emission wavelength of the laser diode against gas absorption lines,and several thermal parameters are obtained with the temperature uncertainty of 0.01 K in the thermal dynamic process.