顽火辉石的高温高压同步辐射研究

 采用同步辐射能量色散X射线衍射技术、激光加热技术和金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置，在温度为2 000 K和压力为23 GPa的范围内，对采自地幔二辉橄榄岩中的顽火斜方辉石，进行了原位的高温高压能量色散X射线衍射（EDXRD）测量。实验结果表明：当压力为15.3 GPa、温度为1 600 K时（相当于地球内部410 km处的地震波不连续界面的温压环境），顽火斜方辉石转变为橄榄石的β相——瓦兹利石（Wadsleyite）相；继续加温加压至2 000 K、23 GPa时（相当于地球内部670 km处的地震波不连续界面的温压环境），顽火斜方辉石相变为钛铁矿（Ilmenite）结构和钙钛矿（Perovskite）结构的混和相。实验结果进一步证明，在地幔中存在的两个地震波不连续界面是由橄榄石、顽火斜方辉石等矿物的相变引起的。     

Raman and X-Ray Investigation of Pyrope Garnet （Mg0.76Fe0.14Ca0.10）3Al2Si3O12 under High Pressure

The compressional behavlour of natural pyrope garnet is investigated by using angle-dlspersive synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. The pressureinduced phase transition does not occur under given pressure. The equation of state of pyrope garnet is determined under pressure up to 25.3 GPa. The bulk modulus KTO is 199 GPa, with its first pressure derivative K′TO fixed to 4. The Raman spectra of pyrope garnet are studied. A new Raman peak nearly at 743 cm^-1 is observed in a bending vibration of the SiO4 tetrahedra frequency range at pressure of about 28 GPa. We suggest that the new Raman peak results from the lattice distortion of the SiO4 tetrahedra. All the Raman frequencies continuously increase with the increasing pressure. The average pressure derivative of the high frequency modes （650-1000 cm^-1） is larger than that of the low frequency （smaller than 650 cm^-1）. Based on these data, the mode Grǖneisen parameters for pyrope are obtained.     

天青石的等温状态方程和拉曼振动研究

利用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）装置产生高压,在室温下、0～32 GPa压力范围,对天青石（SrSO4）进行了原位高压X射线衍射和拉曼光谱研究. 根据高压X射线衍射的数据,测定了天青石的等温状态方程,得到天青石的零压体弹模量KT0＝83GPa（K'T0＝4）, 在所研究压力范围内没有观察到相变的发生. 高压拉曼光谱的数据显示,在5GPa左右,SO4四面体弯曲振动峰发生劈裂,这是由SO4四面体畸变引起的;同时,所有的拉曼振动峰都随着压力的增加而增加, 并且,高频模的平均压力导数要高于低频模的,根据以上数据获得了模格林奈森参数.     

In-situ high-pressure behaviors of double-perovskite Sr_2ZnTeO_6

Structural and spectroscopic properties of Sr 2 ZnTeO 6 (SZTO) were investigated by angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell up to 31 GPa at room temperature. Although SZTO remained stable up to the highest pressure, the different pressure coefficients of the normalized axial compressibility were obtained as βab =8.16×10-3 GPa-1 and βc =7.61×10-3 GPa-1 . The bulk modulus B0 was determined to be 190(1) GPa by fitting the pressure-volume data using the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. All the observed Raman modes exhibited a broadening effect under high pressure. The vibrational band υ1 around 765 cm-1 , which is associated with the Te-O stretching mode in the basal plane of the TeO6 octahedron had the largest pressure coefficient, and the Grüneisen parameters for all the observed phonon modes were also calculated and presented. These parameters could be used to measure the amount of uniaxial or biaxial strain, providing a fundamental tool for monitoring the magnitude of the shift of phonon frequencies with strains.     

无定形硒的高压同步辐射研究

采用原位高压同步辐射X射线衍射技术, 利用金刚石对顶砧(DAC)装置产生高压, 测定了无定形硒在室温下、74.3GPa的压力范围内的同步辐射X射线衍射谱. 在实验压力范围内, 发现无定形硒在10GPa到11Gpa压力范围内发生了压致结晶变化, 其结晶后的产物为六角晶体与一种新的高压金属相^{[6]<\sup>的混合体. 值得说明的是该高压金属结构一直到42GPa时仍稳定存在, 到42GPa以后才转变成正交结构. 分别观察到了在30GPa和60GPa左右发生的从单斜相到正交相和从正交相到菱方相的结构相变, 这分别与Mao等人[1]<\sup>和Akahama等人[3]<\sup>从六角结构硒晶体出发得到的实验结果相同.}     

In-situ high pressure X-ray diffraction studies of orthoferrite SmFeO_3

The high-pressure behaviors of SmFeO3 are investigated by angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction under a pressure of up to 40.3 GPa at room temperature. The crystal structure of SmFeO3 remains stable at up to the highest pressure. The different pressure coefficients of the normalized axial compressibility are obtained to be βa = 0.60 × 10-3 GPa-1,βb = 0.79 × 10-3 GPa-1, βc = 1.28 × 10-3 GPa- 1, and the bulk modulus （B0） is determined to be 293（3） GPa by fitting the pressure-volume data using the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. Furthermore, the larger compressibility of the FeO6 octahedra suggests the evolution of the orthorhombic structure towards higher symmetry configuration at high pressures.     

薄膜结构及形貌对钙钛矿电池性能的影响

采用液相连续沉积法制备了有机/无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池,并研究了不同形貌钙钛矿(CH3NH3PbI3)光活性层对太阳电池性能的影响.实验结果表明在连续沉积法中PbI2的结构对CH3NH3PbI3层的形貌具有重要的影响,PbI2薄膜中适当的孔洞结构有利于其与CH3NH3I充分反应形成CH3NH3PbI3层.致密的PbI2层造成PbI2的转化不完全,导致CH3NH3PbI3颗粒较小,吸收较弱,影响电池的短路电流.而CH3NH3PbI3颗粒过大会引起CH3NH3PbI3薄膜孔洞产生,造成电池的开路电压下降.通过对电池制备工艺的优化获得了13.5%的最佳光电转换效率.     

AIN 纳米线高压相变的 Raman 光谱特征

利用金刚石对顶砧(DAC)技术和显微 Ramana 光谱原位测量技术,在0～33.1 GPa 压力范围对 AIN 纳米线进行了高压相变研究.在24.4 GPa 附近,A1(LO)振动模式呈现出较大的非对称性宽化的特征,表明发生了六角纤锌矿到立方岩盐矿的结构转变.岩盐矿结构 AIN 纳米线的无序声子散射导致了高压相的Raman 散射信号.卸压后,高压相的 Raman 光谱特征被保留下来.根据纤锌矿结构 AIN 纳米线的振动模式频率随压力的变化关系,讨论了 AIN 纳米线和体材料在转变路径上的区别,并计算了纤锌矿结构中对应不同声子模式的格林爱森常数.     

Raman Investigation of Sodium Titanate Nanotubes under Hydrostatic Pressures up to 26.9GPa

High pressure behavior of sodium titanate nanotubes （Na2Ti2O5） is investigated by Raman spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell （DAC） at room temperature. The two pressure-induced irreversible phase transitions are observed under the given pressure. One occurs at about 4.2 GPa accompanied with a new Raman peak emerging at 834 cm-1 which results from the lattice distortion of the Ti-O network in titanate nanotubes. It can be can be assigned to Ti-O lattice vibrations within lepidocrocite-type （H0.7Ti1.825V0.175O4＆#12539;H2O）TiO6 octahedral host layers with V being vacancy. The structure of the nanotubes transforms to orthorhombic lepidocrocite structure. Another amorphous phase transition occurs at 16.7 GPa. This phase transition is induced by the collapse of titanate nanotubes. All the Raman bands shift toward higher wavenumbers with a pressure dependence ranging from 1.58-5.6 cm-1/GPa.