直流电弧自催化合成β-SiC纳米线

采用C,Si和SiO₂为反应原料,利用直流电弧法制备出长直的β-SiC纳米线。纳米线的直径为100～200 nm,长度为10～20 μm,并且沿着<111>方向生长。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微术(SEM)、透射电子显微术(TEM)、拉曼光谱等手段,对β-SiC纳米线进行表征。探讨了β-SiC纳米线自催化气-液-固(VLS)生长机制。     

不同粒径纳米晶硫化锌的高压结构相变研究

 应用原位能量色散X射线散射和金刚石对顶砧技术，对纳米晶ZnS进行了高压结构相变研究。初始相为纤锌矿结构的10 nm和3 nm硫化锌分别在16.0 GPa和16.7 GPa时转变为岩盐矿结构，相变压力均高于纤锌矿结构的体材料硫化锌。该相变为一可逆的结构相变。应用大型科学计算软件Materials Studio（MS）计算了纳米晶ZnS的状态方程，根据Birch-Murnaghan方程拟合了纳米晶ZnS的零压体模量，得到的零压体模量高于相应体材料的零压体模量，表明纳米晶ZnS较难压缩。     

氧化镓的同步辐射研究

 利用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置产生高压，使用体积比为16∶3∶1的甲醇、乙醇和水混合液作为传压介质，通过原位高压同步辐射技术对氧化镓的高压行为进行了研究（0～42.5 GPa）。实验发现在室温下13.3 GPa压力附近，单斜结构的氧化镓发生了结构相变，变成三角结构。相变后镓离子由原来同时位于由氧离子围成的四面体和八面体的中心位置变成只位于八面体的中心位置。卸压后的X射线衍射谱表明，氧化镓又恢复为单斜结构，该相变为可逆相变。     

纳米晶钛酸铅镧体系的软模及铁电相变研究

采用Raman散射方法系统研究了Pb_1-xLa_xTiO₃(PLT)的软模行为和铁电相变.结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,Pb_0.86La_0.14TiO₃(PLT14)能从常温常压下的四方铁电相转化为立方顺电相;在高温常压及常温高压下纳米晶PLT14的相变温度和压力均比体材料情况下低;对于不同晶粒尺寸的PLT体系,系统从四方相转化为立方相的相边界随晶粒尺寸的减小移向更低的La离子浓度,还论述了软模随晶粒尺寸、温度、压力和La离子浓度的变化行为以及系统发生相变的机制.     

Structural Phase Transformations of ZnS Nanocrystalline Under High Pressure

In-situ energy dispersive x-ray diffraction on ZnS nanocrystalline was carried out under high pressure by using a diamond anvil cell. Phase transition of wurtzite of 10nm ZnS to rocksalt occurred at 16.0GPa, which was higher than that of the bulk materials. The structures of ZnS nanocrystalline at different pressures were built by using materials studio and the bulk modulus, and the pressure derivative of ZnS nanocrystalline were derived by fitting the equation of Birch-Murnaghan. The resulting modulus was higher than that of the corresponding bulk material, which indicates that the nanomaterial has higher hardness than its bulk materials.     

纳米氮化镓的拉曼光谱研究

纳米氮化镓的拉曼光谱研究罗薇邹广田崔启良赵永年崔田李红东韩杰（吉林大学超硬材料国家重点实验室长春１３００２３）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＲａｍａｎＳｐｅｃｔｒａｏｎＧａＮＮａｎｏｃｒｙｓｔａｌＬｕｏＷｅｉ，ＺｏｕＧｕａｎｇｔｉａｎ，ＣｕｉＱｉｌｉａｎｇ，Ｚｈａｏ...     

顽火辉石的高温高压同步辐射研究

 采用同步辐射能量色散X射线衍射技术、激光加热技术和金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置，在温度为2 000 K和压力为23 GPa的范围内，对采自地幔二辉橄榄岩中的顽火斜方辉石，进行了原位的高温高压能量色散X射线衍射（EDXRD）测量。实验结果表明：当压力为15.3 GPa、温度为1 600 K时（相当于地球内部410 km处的地震波不连续界面的温压环境），顽火斜方辉石转变为橄榄石的β相——瓦兹利石（Wadsleyite）相；继续加温加压至2 000 K、23 GPa时（相当于地球内部670 km处的地震波不连续界面的温压环境），顽火斜方辉石相变为钛铁矿（Ilmenite）结构和钙钛矿（Perovskite）结构的混和相。实验结果进一步证明，在地幔中存在的两个地震波不连续界面是由橄榄石、顽火斜方辉石等矿物的相变引起的。     

传压介质对Bi2Ti4O11软模相变的影响

本文使用金刚石对顶砧装置,红宝石压标,采用背向散射的方法,分别测量了室温下Bi₂Ti₄O₁₁在不加传压介质,传压介质为凡士林油及体积比为16:3:1的甲醇、乙醇和水的混合溶液3种情况下的高压Raman光谱.实验结果表明:常压下频率为38cm^-1的谱线对传压介质的传压性能反应很敏感,随着静水压传压性能的提高,该谱线的强度、线宽、在相变压力点的频率值及它随压力的频移速率都出现了明显差异,其相变压力显著降低.本文初步讨论了发生在Bi₂Ti₄O₁₁中相变的机制.     

Raman and X-Ray Investigation of Pyrope Garnet （Mg0.76Fe0.14Ca0.10）3Al2Si3O12 under High Pressure

The compressional behavlour of natural pyrope garnet is investigated by using angle-dlspersive synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. The pressureinduced phase transition does not occur under given pressure. The equation of state of pyrope garnet is determined under pressure up to 25.3 GPa. The bulk modulus KTO is 199 GPa, with its first pressure derivative K′TO fixed to 4. The Raman spectra of pyrope garnet are studied. A new Raman peak nearly at 743 cm^-1 is observed in a bending vibration of the SiO4 tetrahedra frequency range at pressure of about 28 GPa. We suggest that the new Raman peak results from the lattice distortion of the SiO4 tetrahedra. All the Raman frequencies continuously increase with the increasing pressure. The average pressure derivative of the high frequency modes （650-1000 cm^-1） is larger than that of the low frequency （smaller than 650 cm^-1）. Based on these data, the mode Grǖneisen parameters for pyrope are obtained.