Study of an unfolding algorithm for D-T neutron energy spectra measurement using a recoil proton method

A proton recoil method for measuring D-T neutron energy spectra using polyethylene film and a Si(Au) surface barrier detector is presented. An iteration algorithm for unfolding the recoil proton energy spectrum to the neutron energy spectrum is investigated. The response matrices R of the polyethylene film at angles of 0° and 45° were obtained by simulating the recoil proton energy spectra from mono-energetic neutrons using the MCNPX code. With an assumed D-T neutron spectrum, the recoil proton spectra from the polyethylene film at angles of 0° and 45° were also simulated using the MCNPX code. Based on the response matrices R and the simulated recoil proton spectra at 0° and 45°, the respective unfolded neutron spectra were obtained using the iteration algorithm, and compared with the assumed neutron spectrum. The results show that the iteration algorithm method can be applied to unfold the recoil proton energy spectrum to the neutron energy spectrum for D-T neutron energy spectra measurement using the recoil proton method.     

平均速度是瞬时速度的平均值吗

概念是反映事物本质属性的思维形态.速度是运动学基本概念之一.瞬时速度是物体在某时刻或某位置的速度.平均速度是物体在时间间隔△t内的平均快慢程度.这两个概念有一定的联系.     

漫透射近红外光谱的便携式面粉品质安全检测仪的设计

基于近红外漫透射光谱分析技术,设计了便携式面粉品质安全检测仪,该检测仪主要包括光谱采集模块、光源控制模块、处理与显示模块以及电源模块.其中漫透射检测附件不仅可以实现光谱补偿功能,还可以有效避免外界杂散光的干扰,设计了控制光源开关的电路,通过实验确定样品的最佳厚度.选用树莓派4B作为核心处理器,选用可充电锂电池供电,仪器...     

中国散裂中子源二期靶站关键部件辐照损伤模拟计算

中国散裂中子源一期工程于2018年通过国家验收,当前束流功率已经达到140 kW.为进一步提高靶站慢化器输出中子强度,已经提出中国散裂中子源二期500 kW功率升级计划.靶站关键部件长期受到高通量、高能量的粒子辐照,会产生较强的辐照损伤,影响着这些部件的使用寿命.本文首先使用PHITS3.33程序计算了钨、SS316不锈钢、6061铝合金3种材料的质子和中子原子离位截面以及氢、氦的产生截面,并分析了NRT (Norgett-Robinson-Torrens)模型和热平衡前原子复位修正(athermal recombination corrected,ARC)模型对材料离位损伤的影响.在此基础上结合中国散裂中子源二期靶站基线模型计算了靶站关键部件在500 kW的束流功率下运行5000 h产生的原子离位次数(displacement per atom,DPA)以及氢、氦的产额.计算结果表明,钨靶受辐照后产生的NRT-dpa,ARC-dpa,H和He产额最大值分别为8.01 dpa/y (1 y=2500 MW·h),2.39 dpa/y,5110 appm/y (atom parts pe...     

金属隔层对同轴双元装药爆轰波形及驱动性能的影响

根据同轴双元组合装药的实际应用工况,制备了两种组分及尺寸均相同的装药试样,其中一种试样的内、外层装药间设有薄壁铝隔层。采用脉冲X射线摄影法观测了铝隔层在装药爆轰过程中的膨胀轨迹,并通过高速扫描法及圆筒试验分别对比了两种装药爆轰波形及驱动性能的差异。结果表明:由于铝的冲击阻抗与炸药爆轰阻抗较为接近,因此冲击波穿越铝隔层时未产生较强的反射效应,从而未明显改变组合装药的爆轰波形;而在爆轰产物的膨胀过程中,当其相对比容小于3.0时,铝隔层可将内、外层装药的爆轰产物有效隔离,但并未降低整体装药的驱动性能,两种试样的圆筒比动能之比逐步趋近于有效装药的质量比。     

ICCD系统中对像增强器制冷降噪效果的分析

在ICCD摄像机上加装一个半导体制冷器,对像增强器进行实时降温处理,以降低系统时空域噪声。为了评价半导体制冷器对ICCD系统噪声的影响,运用三维噪声模型对制冷前后系统的时空域噪声和信噪比进行了分析,发现半导体制冷器能够有效地降低像管的噪声。     

Design of a reentrant double staggered ladder circuit for V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube

The reentrant double staggered ladder slow-wave structure is employed in a high-power V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube. This structure has a wide bandwidth, a moderate interaction impedance, and excellent thermal dissipation properties, besides the easy fabrication. A well-matched waveguide coupler is proposed for the structure. Combining the design of attenuators, a full-scale three-dimensional circuit model for the V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube is constructed. The electromagnetic characteristics and the beam--wave interaction of this structure are investigated. The beam current is set to be 100 mA, and the cathode voltage is tuned from 16.8 kV to 15.8 kV. The calculation results show that this tube can produce a saturated average output power over 100 W with an instantaneous bandwidth greater than 1.25 GHz in the frequency ranging from 58 GHz to 62 GHz. The corresponding gain and electronic efficiency can reach over 32 dB and 6.5%, respectively.     

基于近场光学的微球超分辨显微效应

在光学成像领域,由于受到衍射极限的限制,常规成像分辨率在200nm左右.科学的不断进步对更高分辨率有着迫切需求,如何突破这个极限来获得更高质量的高分辨率图像是热门研究领域.2011年提出了微球超显微技术:在原有的光学系统中,将直径几微米至几十微米的透明微球直接置于样品表面,就能够成倍提高传统光学显微镜的成像能力.微球超显微技术以其简单直接的特点,受到广泛关注.本文介绍了光学显微镜的研究背景以及国内外团队在微球超分辨显微技术方面的研究进展,包括通过在微球表面进行环刻同心环、中心遮挡和表面涂覆的方法来调节微球所产生的光子纳米喷射方面所开展的一系列研究,并进行了理论模拟和实验验证,进一步提升了微球的超分辨显微效应.最后,展望了今后微球超分辨显微技术的应用与发展方向.     

Study of shielding design for SANS at CSNS

The small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is presently being constructed at Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in China, and the biological shielding design is needed to prevent the instrument from causing excessive dose rates in accessible locations. In this paper, the study of shielding design for SANS that relies on Monte Carlo simulation is introduced. Beam line shielding calculations are performed considering both scenarios of closed versus open T0 chopper. The basic design scheme of the beam stop is discussed. The size of the T0 chopper rotor is also estimated.     

起爆方式对非圆截面装药结构释能特性的影响

为了研究不同起爆方式下非圆截面装药结构的释能规律,采用AUTODYN软件开展了非圆截面装药结构在不同起爆方式下的释能特性数值模拟,分析了起爆方式对爆轰波形演变、破片质量、破片初速的影响。结果表明：由于装药结构的特殊性,采用端部单点起爆时装药能量分布不均匀,部分区域产生大量的无效小质量破片,且不同位置处的破片初速波动较大;采用端部两点和端部三点起爆时,能够对爆轰能量起到匀化效果,减少无效破片数量,提升破片初速的一致性。由此证明通过调整起爆方式可以对非圆截面装药结构的能量输出结构进行有效调控,对其周向能量场起到匀化效果。