Study of an unfolding algorithm for D-T neutron energy spectra measurement using a recoil proton method

A proton recoil method for measuring D-T neutron energy spectra using polyethylene film and a Si(Au) surface barrier detector is presented. An iteration algorithm for unfolding the recoil proton energy spectrum to the neutron energy spectrum is investigated. The response matrices R of the polyethylene film at angles of 0° and 45° were obtained by simulating the recoil proton energy spectra from mono-energetic neutrons using the MCNPX code. With an assumed D-T neutron spectrum, the recoil proton spectra from the polyethylene film at angles of 0° and 45° were also simulated using the MCNPX code. Based on the response matrices R and the simulated recoil proton spectra at 0° and 45°, the respective unfolded neutron spectra were obtained using the iteration algorithm, and compared with the assumed neutron spectrum. The results show that the iteration algorithm method can be applied to unfold the recoil proton energy spectrum to the neutron energy spectrum for D-T neutron energy spectra measurement using the recoil proton method.     

显微拉曼光谱技术对射击残留物的有机颗粒研究

为射击残留物检测提供了一个快速、简便、准确的无损检测方法,通过激光显微拉曼光谱技术对弹药中的发射药及射击残留物中的有机颗粒进行了研究。研究发现,检测射击残留物有机颗粒获得最优拉曼信号的激发波长为473 nm,可有效避开荧光干扰。射击残留物有机颗粒主要来自部分燃烧的发射药颗粒,拉曼光谱证明其主要成分与发射药主要成分基本一致,但部分拉曼谱峰强度降低、消失或是线宽变宽,证明其物质结构也在一定程度上受到了破坏。通过微观形态观察,射击残留物有机颗粒表面以铜黄色、灰黑色为主,表面分布熔坑及附着带有金属光泽的球形无机颗粒,这些特有形貌可视为射击残留物的典型特征,成为射击残留物的重要判据。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定保健食品、中药材中的五氯硝基苯残留

建立保健食品中五氯硝基苯残留量的毛细管气相色谱检测方法.样品经正己烷超声提取,硫酸净化,采用分流不分流进样方式,用弱极性毛细柱程序升温分离,电子俘获检测器检测,外标法定量.五氯硝基苯浓度在0.005～0.10 μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性相关,线性相关系数r=0.9996,方法检出限为0.0006 mg/kg,0.02...     

Helium nano-bubble bursting near the nickel surface

We have investigated the expansion and bursting of a helium nano-bubble near the surface of a nickel matrix using a molecular dynamics simulation. The helium atoms erupt from the bubble in an instantaneous and volcano-like process,which leads to surface deformation consisting of cavity formation on the surface, along with modification and atomic rearrangement at the periphery of the cavity. During the kinetic releasing process, the channel may undergo the "open" and"close" states more than once due to the variation of the stress inside the nano-bubble. The ratio between the number of helium atoms and one of vacancies can directly reflect the releasing rate under different temperatures and crystallographic orientation conditions, respectively. Moreover, a special relationship between the stress and He-to-vacancy ratio is also determined. This model is tested to compare with the experimental result from Hastelloy N alloys implanted by helium ions and satisfactory agreement is obtained.     

用于分析氧离子导体的氧表面交换行为的脉冲同位素交换方法

本文详细描述了一种用于测量氧化物离子导体的氧表面交换速率的新型脉冲~(18)O-~(16)O同位素交换(PIE)技术.该技术采用装有氧化物粉末的连续流动填充床微反应器实现.通过在线气相质谱法测量通过反应器的富含180的脉冲的等温响应.表观氧交换速率可以通过在给定的反应器停留时间和可用于交换的表面积下氧化物吸收~(18)O的数量来计算.相比于其他氧同位素交换的技术,PIE技术不需要快速加热/淬火步骤,具有快速、简单、非常适合筛选材料和系统研究反应机理的优点.此外,利用氧同位素~(18)O_2、~(16)O~(18)O和~(16)O_2在流出脉冲中的相对分布可以深入研究氧的表面交换反应机理.本文采用PIE技术分析YSZ、Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)和La_2NiO_(4+δ)在350～900℃范围内表面氧交换性能.根据同位素交换反应的两步式反应模型分析,对于混合导体BSCF和La_2NiO_(4+δ),O_2分子在氧化物表面的解离吸附速率为速率控制步骤.对于YSZ,在800℃时,其表面氧交换的速率控制步骤由氧离子的晶格溶入变成O_2分子在氧化物表面的解离吸附步骤.     

Effect of grain boundary structures on the behavior of He defects in Ni: An atomistic study

We investigated the effect of grain boundary structures on the trapping strength of He_N(N is the number of helium atoms) defects in the grain boundaries of nickel. The results suggest that the binding energy of an interstitial helium atom to the grain boundary plane is the strongest among all sites around the plane. The He_N defect is much more stable in nickel bulk than in the grain boundary plane. Besides, the binding energy of an interstitial helium atom to a vacancy is stronger than that to a grain boundary plane. The binding strength between the grain boundary and the He _N defect increases with the defect size. Moreover, the binding strength of the He_N defect to the Σ3(12)[110] grain boundary becomes much weaker than that to other grain boundaries as the defect size increases.     

枪弹射击残留物检验方法

射击残留物作为涉枪案件的重要物证,是法庭科学领域的重要研究对象.射击残留物主要源于未燃烧或者部分燃烧的发射药、底火等,主要残留于射击者、枪支及被射客体上.随着各类分析检验方法的发展,针对射击残留物中的有机成分和无机成分,射击残留物的检验方法也从简单的化学检验发展到更加准确的仪器分析.     

金电极与吡啶末端连接界面结构的力学变化过程理论研究

利用基于第一性原理的绝热拉伸模拟方法计算了4,4’-二吡啶分子与不同构型金电极之间的作用过程,研究了分子在外力作用下逐渐远离金电极过程中分子与电极间界面结构特有的演化过程以及体系能量与作用力的变化特征.结果显示,分子在远离锥形电极过程中很容易出现近于垂直地连接到锥形电极第二层金原子上的特有连接构型,同时由于吡啶末端的排斥作用,电极尖端的金原子偏向一侧.分子从第二层金原子上断开并连接到尖端金原子上需要1.3—1.5 nN的拉力作用,明显大于分子从尖端电极上断开所需要的0.8—1.0 nN的作用力,从而揭示了实验中二吡啶分子结在形成过程中作用力与界面构型变化之间的对应关系.4,4’-二吡啶分子与平面金电极的作用较弱,只需要不到0.5 nN的作用力就可断开,而当分子连接到吸附在平面电极表面的孤立金原子上时,可以承受约1.7 nN的作用力.以上研究表明基于第一性原理的绝热拉伸模拟方法不仅可以揭示分子与电极之间的界面结构演化过程,而且通过作用力的计算可以很好地识别实验中分子与电极间的特有界面结构.