Pseudo-Spin Model for the Cytoskeletal Microtubule Surface

Due to the inherent symmetry structures and the electric properties in the microtubule (MT), we treat the MT as a one-dimensional ferroelectric system and describe the nonlinear dynamics of dimer electric dipoles in one protofilament of the MT by virtue of the double-well potential. Consequently, the physical problem has been mapped onto the pseudo-spin system, and the mean-field approximation has been taken to obtain some physical results, including the expression for the phase transition temperature Tc and the estimated value of Tc (=312 K).     

Optimization of High-Order Harmonic by Genetic Algorithm for the Chirp and Phase of Few-Cycle Pulses

The brightness of a particular harmonic order is optimized for the chirp and initial phase of the laser pulse by genetic algorithm. The influences of the chirp and initial phase of the excitation pulse on the harmonic spectra are discussed in terms of the semi-classical model including the propagation effects. The results indicate that the harmonic intensity and cutoff have strong dependence on the chirp of the laser pulse, but slightly on its initial phase. The high-order harmonics can be enhanced by the optimal laser pulse and its cutoff can be tuned by optimization of the chirp and initial phase of the laser pulse.     

抽运激光在光靶中的局域及其对X射线激光特性的影响

新型X射线靶设计为:由SiO2和TiO2组成具有12个周期的一维光子晶体,在它的中间嵌入光靶材料层作为缺陷层,SiO2,TiO2和光靶层的光学厚度分别为λ4、λ4和λ2,λ为抽运激光波长.与普通平板光靶相比,当抽运光垂直照射到这种光靶时,靶层内部的光强将提高2个数量级,所以抽运激光的阈值强度将降低2个数量级,这有利于X射线激光的小型化.在同样的抽运激光照射下,X射线激光的强度将提高4个数量级,转换效率也将提高约4个数量级.由于平均电离度随抽运激光强度的提高而提高,所以采用这种光靶有利于使X射线激光向短波长推进. 关键词： X射线激光 光子晶体 光波局域     

Time-Resolved Investigation of Ionization of Clusters Irradiated by a Strong Laser

Ionization dynamics of clusters irradiated by chirped femtosecond lasers is investigated by using a linearly chirped pulse spectral interferometry with a time resolution of less than lOOfs. The production of an average charged-Xe^18 and -Kr^9 ions indicates a strong energy coupling between laser and cluster. Ultrafast depletion of the probing laser is observed to be strictly coincident with the ionization front as seen in other experiments. Moreover,a two-step ionization process for Xe and Kr clusters irradiated by high-intensity lasers has been observed, which implies the role of resonance enhancement during the cluster explosion.     

Interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic clusters at different gas densities

The interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with rare gas clusters was studied experimentally, the time-of-flight spectra of ions from exploding clusters at different gas densities have been measured. It is found that while the relative components of ions in low and high energy of the ion energy spectrum decrease with the increase of the gas density, the average ion energies are the same for different gas densities, which indicates that the effect of gas density on laser-cluster interaction is not important under our experimental conditions.     

Investigations of ionization-induced injection of laser wake field acceleration using phenomenological model

We develop a phenomenological model to investigate dynamics of ionization-induced injection. In the ＂bubble＂ regime of laser wakefield acceleration （LWFA）, it is found that there is an upper limit for laser intensity of ionization-induced injection. In the plane perpendicular to the laser polarization, when the laser pulse is linearly polarized, ionization-induced injected electrons exhibit a filamented structure and semi-coherent betatron oscillation.     

Trends in ultrashort and ultrahigh power laser pulses based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

Since the proof-of-principle demonstration of optical parametric amplification to efficiently amplify chirped laser pulses in 1992,optical parametric chirped pulse amplification(OPCPA)became the most promising method for the amplification of broadband optical pulses.In the meantime,we are witnessing an exciting progress in the development of powerful and ultrashort pulse laser systems that employ chirped pulse parametric amplifiers.The output power and pulse duration of these systems have ranged from a few gigawatts to hundreds of terawatts with a potential of tens of petawatts power level.Meanwhile,the output pulse duration based on optical parametric amplification has entered the range of fewoptical-cycle field.In this paper,we overview the basic principles,trends in development,and current state of the ultrashort and laser systems based on OPCPA,respectively.     

Developments in laser wakefield accelerators:From single-stage to two-stage

Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)are compact accelerators which can produce femtosecond high-energy electron beams on a much smaller scale than the conventional radiofrequency accelerators.It is attributed to their high acceleration gradient which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the traditional ones.The past decade has witnessed the major breakthroughs and progress in developing the laser wakfield accelerators.To achieve the LWFAs suitable for applications,more and more attention has been paid to optimize the LWFAs for high-quality electron beams.A single-staged LWFA does not favor generating controllable electron beams beyond 1 Ge V since electron injection and acceleration are coupled and cannot be independently controlled.Staged LWFAs provide a promising route to overcome this disadvantage by decoupling injection from acceleration and thus the electron-beam quality as well as the stability can be greatly improved.This paper provides an overview of the physical conceptions of the LWFA,as well as the major breakthroughs and progress in developing LWFAs from single-stage to two-stage LWFAs.     

1 kHz-0.1 TW高效率钛宝石激光放大器

介绍了一种高重复频率掺钛蓝宝石飞秒激光多通高效率放大系统.在抽运功率为23 W，入射功率为660 mW时，获得7.2 W的放大输出，放大效率达30%.经压缩器压缩后，获得单脉冲能量4.5 mJ,脉冲宽度为 38 fs，重复频率为1 kHz，峰值功率大于0.1 TW的超短超强激光脉冲. 关键词： 飞秒脉冲 高重复频率 啁啾脉冲放大     

基于周期极化LiTaO3晶体的高增益简并啁啾脉冲参量放大

根据准相位匹配理论计算了周期极化LiTaO₃(PPLT)晶体中0类准相位匹配过程(e+e→e)的增益曲线.在此基础上，使用数百μJ的低抽运能量获得了～10⁶的增益和～10.3%的转换效率，实现了中心波长位于1064nm的基于简并光学啁啾脉冲参量放大(OPCPA)技术的高增益放大，为产生超短超强激光脉冲提供了新的技术手段.实验结果与理论预期基本符合.