新型聚乙烯接枝共聚物的制备与表征

以聚氧乙烯和全氟辛基聚氧乙烯醚(FPEOE)为起始原料, 合成了一系列的特种氟表面活性剂及其丙烯酸酯, 用FTIR和1H NMR对其结构进行了表征, 用最大气泡法测定了其表面张力. 以其作为接枝单体, 利用反应挤出接枝的方法制备了系列功能化聚乙烯, 用FTIR确定了接枝共聚物的结构和接枝率; 用DSC、接触角测量仪和XPS对接枝共聚物的热性能、结晶行为和表面性能进行了测试分析. 结果表明, 随着聚氧乙烯分子量的增加, 氟表面活性剂的表面活性降低; 聚乙烯接枝共聚物的结晶温度高于线形低密度聚乙烯, 且具有较好的亲水性.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米中硝磺草酮及其代谢物残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米中硝磺草酮及其代谢物(MNBA)的残留分析方法。样品用乙腈-水溶液提取,取适量提取液用甲酸酸化至pH 2,过HLB固相萃取柱进行净化,用甲醇-乙醚(70∶30,V/V)洗脱,洗脱液用氮气吹至近干,用1 mmol/L醋酸铵-乙腈(25∶75,V/V)定容后进行质谱分析,利用基质校正曲线对其准确定量。硝磺草酮和MNBA在1～200μg/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99,在添加浓度5～50μg/kg范围内,硝磺草酮及其代谢物MNBA的平均回收率为83.8%～101.1%,相对标准偏差在5.3%～12.8%之间,硝磺草酮和代谢物MNBA定量限分别为1.0和2.0μg/kg。     

多孔柿饼状BiOBr光催化剂的简易溶剂热法合成（英文）

以硝酸铋和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为Bi和Br源,采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助溶剂热法首次成功制备了多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状溴氧化铋(BiOBr)。通过多种分析技术对分级微米结构BiOBr材料的物化性质进行了表征,并对其在可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化活性进行了评价。结果表明,溶剂热时间和PVP的加入量对产物的颗粒形貌和结晶度有显著影响。当加入0.7 g PVP时,120℃溶剂热处理12 h,可得到多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状BiOBr样品。多孔柿饼状BiOBr样品的比表面积为4 m2·g^-1,带隙能为2.64 eV,在可见光区具有较强的光吸收性能,具有良好的可见光驱动降解MB的光催化活性和稳定性。我们推断,多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状BiOBr样品具有优良的可见光催化性能,这与该样品的较高比表面积、多孔结构、低带隙能以及独特的颗粒形貌有关。     

Equation of State and Elastic Constants of Compressed fcc Cu

First-principles calculations of equation of state and single-crystal elastic constants of copper are carried out up to twofold compression. The Helmholtz free energies are calculated using the quasi-harmonic phonon approach based on density-functional theory within both the local density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation （GGA）. We find that the results calculated within GGA agree better with the experimental measurements in overall. The equation of state and the zero-pressure single-crystal elastic constants are close to the experimental values.     

Spatial-dependent probe transmission based high-precision two-dimensional atomic localization

Herein, we propose a scheme for the realization of two-dimensional atomic localization in aλ-type three-level atomic medium such that the atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a probe field. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained by monitoring the probe transmission spectra of the weak probe field for the first time. A single and double sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain. We have theoretically archived high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization within a region smaller thanλ/25×λ/25. The results may have potential applications in the field of nano-lithography and advance laser cooling technology.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究阿维菌素在苹果和土壤中的残留消解动态

建立了苹果和土壤中阿维菌素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,并且应用本方法研究产自泰安、西安及北京的苹果和土壤中阿维菌素的代谢规律.样品经乙腈萃取后,用饱和NaCl盐析分层,静置30 min后,旋转蒸发浓缩,氨基柱净化,应用UPLC-MS/MS选择多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式扫描测定.本方法最低检出浓度(LOQ)为1.0 μg/kg(S/N=10);在2.0～100.0 μg/L范围内阿维菌素的峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r=0.9994).3个添加水平(1.0, 10和100 μg/kg)的平均回收率在79.2%～96.1%,相对标准偏差3.18%～9.14%.田间测定试验结果表明:阿维菌素在苹果中的原始沉积量为11.8～18.4 μg/kg,在土壤中的原始沉积量为44.7～54.8 μg/kg,代谢速率快,在苹果中的半衰期为2.35～3.84 d,在土壤中的半衰期为4.58～6.45 d.     

有限变系数系统的运动稳定性

以E(p,q;ε)记满足条件的二阶变系数系统的全体所组成的集合。此处p>0,q>0,ε≥0。本文证明了:(甲) 对于任何两个正常数p及q,存在一个正常数ε^*=ε^*(q/p²),使得(ⅰ) 当0≤ε<ε^*,则集合E(p,q;ε)中的每一个系统的平凡解都是渐近稳定的;(ⅱ) 当ε^*<ε,则集合E(p,q;ε)中有系统共平凡解是不稳定的。这就否定了一种普遍的猜想:条件p₁≥p(t)≥p₀>O,q₁≥q(t)≥q₀>0。可以保证系统的平凡解的稳定性;(ⅲ) 当ε^*=ε,则集合E(p,q;ε)中每一系统的平凡解都是稳定的,但存在系统,其平凡解不是渐近稳定的。(乙) 函数ε^*(q/p²)随q/p~2由0增加到+∞,而由1单调减少到0。(丙) 给出了函数ε^*(q/p²)的数值图表,以及近似解析表达式,供工程师及物理、力学家之用。注意,p₁实际上可任意大,ε^*只与p₀,q₀,q₁有关,相应的结果亦已得到。     

Neutron skin thickness of 90Zr and symmetry energy constrained by charge exchange spin-dipole excitations

The charge exchange spin-dipole (SD) excitations of \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr are studied using the Skyrme Hartee-Fock plus proton-neutron random phase approximation with SAMi-J interactions. The experimental value of the model-independent sum rule obtained from the SD strength distributions of \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr(p, n)\begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Nb and \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr(n, p)\begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Y is used to deduce the neutron skin thickness. The neutron skin thickness \begin{document}$ \Delta r_{np} $\end{document} of \begin{document}$ ^{90} $\end{document}Zr is extracted as \begin{document}$ 0.083\pm0.032 $\end{document} fm, which is similar to the results of other studies. Based on the correlation analysis of the neutron skin thickness \begin{document}$ \Delta r_{np} $\end{document} and the nuclear symmetry energy J as well as its slope parameter L, a constraint from the extracted \begin{document}$ \Delta r_{np} $\end{document} leads to the limitation of J to \begin{document}$ 29.2 \pm 2.6 $\end{document} MeV and L to \begin{document}$ 53.3 \pm 28.2 $\end{document} MeV.     

Conversion of phenylacetonitrile in supercritical alcohols within a system containing small volume of water

The reaction of phenylacetonitrile in supercritical methanol and ethanol in a system containing a small volume of water was studied. The effects of various operating conditions, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, the mole ratio of phenylacetonitrile/water/methanol or ethanol on the product yield were systematically investigated. The optimal yield of methyl phenylacetate for phenylacetonitrile in supercritical methanol in a system containing a small volume of water was 70 % at 583 K and 2.5 h. The optimal yield of ethyl phenylacetate for phenylacetonitrile in supercritical ethanol with a small volume of water was 80 % at 583 K and 1.0 h. At the same time, a feasible mechanism was proposed for phenylacetonitrile in supercritical methanol and ethanol in a system containing a small volume of water.     

A high-pressure study of PbCO3 by XRD and Raman spectroscopy

The pressure-induced phase transitions of PbCO3 are studied using synchrotron radiation in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. The XRD measurement indicates that PbCO3 with an initial phase of aragonite-type structure undergoes two phase transitions at ～7.8GPa and ～15.7GPa respectively. The higher-pressure phase appearing at ～ 15.7GPa is stable up to 51.8GPa. The two phase transitions are further confirmed by Raman scattering up to 23.3GPa. During the decompression process, the high-pressure phases of PbCO3 are gradually recovered to the starting aragonite-type structure, but exhibit some hysteresis. The bulk modulus B0 of the aragonite-type structure is obtained to be 63±(3) GPa by fitting the volume-pressure data to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of states with B0 fixed to 4.