N-杂环卡宾-吡啶锰配合物/四丁基碘化铵催化CO2和环氧化物合成环状碳酸酯(英文)

该工作发展了一类二齿N-杂环卡宾(NHC)-吡啶锰配合物催化CO₂和环氧化物偶联反应的方法.锰配合物和四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)构成的二元催化体系对环氧化物和CO₂合成环状碳酸酯的反应表现出了较高的活性.该二元催化体系适用于广泛的底物范围,例如端环氧化物和高位阻的内环氧化物.通过紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱的研究对反应机理进行了阐述.     

从离子型稀土硫酸镁浸出液中制备碳酸稀土的新工艺研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对现有从离子型稀土硫酸镁浸出液中沉淀稀土得到的稀土沉淀物稀土总量低的问题,以离子型稀土Mg SO4浸出液为原料,进行了树脂的静态遴选、动态吸附-解吸、除Al及沉淀等工艺研究。结果表明,静态遴选出CL-P507为合适树脂,通过动态吸附-解吸,Mg SO4浸出液中的Mg2+能全部去除,稀土得到了富集,解吸后液中REO浓度最高可富集179倍,但是铝不能得到有效去除。以苯甲酸钠为除铝剂除去解吸后液中的铝,在试验条件下,铝去除率为99.89%,REO损失率仅为0.3%。以Na2CO3和Na HCO3为沉淀剂,沉淀得到碳酸稀土产品,该产品烧成物REO总量为93.81%(质量分数),最终达到《GB/T 28882-2012离子型稀土矿碳酸稀土》标准的质量要求。成本分析表明,本工艺比传统工艺少1070 Yuan·t-1REO,具有工业应用前景。     

聚(碳酸丁二醇酯-co-三环癸烷二甲醇碳酸酯)的制备与性能

采用熔融酯交换和缩聚两步法,合成了以1,4-丁二醇、4,8-三环[5.2.1.0(2,6)]癸烷二甲醇和碳酸二苯酯为原料的聚(碳酸丁二醇酯-co-三环癸烷二甲醇碳酸酯)(PBTCx, x为进料中TCD占二元醇总量的百分比)。用1H NMR和13C NMR对PBTCs的微观结构和组成进行了表征。采用GPC、 DSC、 XRD、 TG对PBTCs的分子量、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、热稳定性等进行了研究。结果表明,PBTCs的Mw为10500~124800 g?mol-1, Mn为6300~73000 g?mol-1, PDI为1.59~1.73; PBTCs呈无定形态、Tg为-3.43 ℃~70.90 ℃, PBTCs表现出比PBC更高的热稳定性。薄膜拉伸试验结果表明,PBTC30(拉伸强度为33.54 MPa,断裂伸长率为275.69%)和PBTC40(拉伸强度为32.13 MPa,断裂伸长率为294.63%)具有较高的强度和韧性,在薄膜材料中具有一定的应用潜力。     

三光气法合成间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯研究

采用无毒的三光气代替光气与间苯二甲胺反应,合成了间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯。考察了原料的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间和氮气气速的影响。结果表明,间苯二甲胺和三光气的摩尔比为1.25∶1.0,用10m L·min-1的氮气连续通入反应体系,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为6.0 h,间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯的产率为80.65%。     

三电极电致膜阴离子抑制器的构建

制作了一个三电极电致膜抑制器,考察了加电方式、串连电阻阻值、电极间距对改善噪声的影响。相较于传统两电极抑制器,优化得到的三电极抑制器在抑制CO_3~(2-)-淋洗液时在噪声(～2.5倍)和信噪比(2.5～3.6倍)方面皆有一定程度的改善;所得三电极抑制器稳定性好,可与离子色谱结合后检测饮料中6种常见阴离子含量。     

碳酸钴中钴碳氮的测定与结构表征研究

碳酸钴由于受生产工艺的制约,生产的产品组分复杂,且市售碳酸钴产品的命名也存在多样性。采用X射线荧光光谱仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、元素分析仪、X射线多功能粉末衍射仪和红外吸收光谱仪对某碳酸钴产品的成分进行测定和结构表征。结果表明:该碳酸钴产品钴、碳、氮的含量分别为46.53%、8.31%和1.48%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.3%(n=6)。研究新发现了N在碳酸钴产品中以NH+4的形式存在,确认该产品为水合碱式碳酸钴铵[(NH4)1.89Co7.88(CO3)6(OH)6(H2O)4.27]和碳酸钴(CoCO3)的混合物。     

二氧化碳间接转化制化学品的研究进展

二氧化碳直接利用较为困难, 因此先将其转化为环碳酸酯等二氧化碳衍生物, 进而间接转化为其它化学品是实现二氧化碳资源化利用的重要手段之一, 具有良好的应用前景. 本文综合评述了二氧化碳转化为环碳酸酯继而间接利用的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了环碳酸酯的加氢反应、 醇解反应和氨解反应中的均相和多相催化体系, 对反应机理进行了阐述, 并展望了该领域仍待解决的问题和发展前景.     

铀酰与羧酸和肟基类配体相互作用的理论研究

深入了解各种功能基团与铀酰离子的络合行为有助于设计和开发高效海水提铀吸附剂. 本工作通过密度泛函理论(DFT)方法系统地研究了两种典型铀酰络合配体吡啶-2,6-二羧酸(H₂DPA)和戊二酰偕亚胺二肟(H₂A)与铀酰离子及碳酸根离子形成的配合物的结构、成键性质以及热力学稳定性. 研究结果表明, 所有配合物中, 配体与铀酰离子之间具有不同强度的共价相互作用. 由于H₂A配位时发生了质子重排, 而且配体的解离能较高, 使其更难与[UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-发生取代反应, 因此H₂DPA配体是海水提铀中一种潜在的有效配体. 本工作的相关研究结果为海水提铀中高效吸附基团的设计和开发提供了理论线索.     

聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯/天然高分子复合材料研究进展

聚甲基乙撑碳酸酯(PPC)是一种新型热塑性脂肪族聚碳酸酯,具有良好的生物降解性、高阻隔性和生物相容性等优点,但其热性能和力学性能较差,通过物理和化学方法改性是提高其性能的重要研究方向之一。本文综述了近年来采用淀粉、纤维素和甲壳素等天然高分子对PPC的改性研究,尤其是天然高分子含量和预处理方法等对复合材料性能的影响,并对PPC/天然高分子复合材料的发展作了总结和展望。     

不可燃氟代碳酸酯基钠离子电池电解液

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in cellphones, laptops, and electric cars owing to their high energy density and long operational lifetime. However, their further deployment in large-scale energy storage systems is restricted by the uneven distribution of lithium resources (~0.0017% (mass fraction, w) in the Earth's crust). Therefore, alternative energy storage systems composed of abundant elements are of urgent need. Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention and are considered to be a potential alternative for next-generation batteries owing to abundant sodium resources (~2.64% (w) of the Earth's crust), suitable potential (−2.71 V), and low cost. SIBs are similar to LIBs in terms of their physical and electrochemical properties. Previous studies have mainly focused on SIB storage materials, including hard carbon, alloys, and hexacyanoferrate, while the safety of SIBs remains largely unexplored. Similar to LIBs, the current electrolytes used in SIBs are mainly composed of flammable organic carbonate solvents (or ether solvents), sodium salts, and functional additives, which pose possible safety issues. Moreover, the chemical activity of sodium is much higher than that of lithium, leading to a higher risk of fire, thermal runaway, and explosion. To overcome this problem, herein we propose a fluorinated non-flammable electrolyte composed of 0.9 mol∙L⁻¹ NaPF₆ (sodium hexafluorophosphate) in an intermixture of di-(2, 2, 2 trifluoroethyl) carbonate (TFEC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in a 7 : 3 ratio by volume. Its physical and electrochemical properties were studied by ionic conductivity, direct ignition, cyclic voltammetry, and charge/discharge measurements, demonstrating excellent flame-retarding ability and outstanding compatibility with sodium electrodes. The electrochemical tests showed that the Prussian blue cathode retained a capacity of 84 mAh∙g⁻¹ over 50 cycles in the prepared electrolyte, in contrast to the rapid capacity degradation in a flammable conventional carbonate electrolyte (74 mAh∙g⁻¹ with 57% capacity retention after 50 cycles). To test the practical application of the proposed electrolyte, a hard carbon anode was used and exhibited exceptional performance in this system. The enhancement mechanism was further verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning emission microscopy (SEM) investigations. Polycarbonate on the surface of the cathode played an important role for the studied electrolyte system. The polycarbonate may originate from FEC decomposition, which can enhance the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and reduce impedance. Hence, we believe that this proposed electrolyte may provide new opportunities for the design of robust and safe SIBs for next-generation applications.