Application of microcrystalline cellulose as an efficient and cheap sorbent for the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater before HPLC–MS/MS determination

A dispersive solid-phase extraction method based on a new sorbent has been performed on plasma and wastewater samples to determine metoprolol by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, the analyte was adsorbed from the samples onto microcrystalline cellulose as a green and efficient sorbent and then eluted for use in the determination step. In the mass spectrometer, the analyte was detected in the positive mode and selectivity of the analysis was increased by sequential mass analysis through multiple reaction monitoring. All of the effective parameters in the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater were optimized. Under optimal conditions the method was linear in the ranges of 1–1,000 and 0.1–1,000 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The detection limits of the method were 0.30 and 0.03 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The data showed that the method provides low detection limit, wide linear range, good precision and high extraction recovery. Finally several plasma and wastewater samples were successfully analyzed using the method. The use of a small amount of a green and inexpensive sorbent and a low volume of plasma without the need for further pretreatment steps are the main advantages of the method.     

Trends in the detection of pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds by Field-Effect Transistors (FETs)

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are one of the most widely-used electronic sensors for continuous monitoring and detection of contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds at low concentrations. FETs have been successfully utilized for the rapid analysis of these environmental pollutants due to their advantageous material properties like the disposability, rapid responses and simplicity. This paper presented an up-to-date overview of applied strategies with different bio-based materials in order to enhance the analytical performances of the designed sensors. Comparison and discussion were made between characteristics of recently engineered FET bio-sensors used for the detection of famous and selected pharmaceutical compounds in the literature. The recent progress in environmental research applications, comments on interesting trends, current challenge for future research in endocrine-disrupting chemicals’ (EDCs) detection using FETs biosensors were highlighted.     

从废水到新能源:光催化燃料电池的优化与应用

随着经济的飞速发展,社会对能源的需求日益扩大,对工业废水的无害化处理也提出了更高的要求。光催化燃料电池 (photocatalytic fuel cell, PFC) 在燃料电池中引入半导体光催化材料作为电极,实现了有机污染物高效降解和同步对外产电的双重功能,在废水无害化与资源化利用方面具有潜在的应用价值。半导体光催化电极是PFC系统高效运行的核心组件,增强其可见光响应和光生载流子分离是提高PFC性能的关键策略。反应器结构设计和运行参数优化也有利于改善PFC性能。本文从PFC基本原理和应用入手,综述了PFC在环境污染物资源化处理中的研究进展,并详细阐述了提高PFC的污染控制性能和产电效率的优化手段,为进一步设计高效稳定的PFC系统并实现其在水污染控制和清洁能源生产中的应用提供理论指导。     

着生刚毛藻处理富营养化湖泊水

分别研究了室内和露天条件下在鹅卵石上着生的刚毛藻Cladophora oligoclona对富营养化湖水中氮(N)和磷(P)的净化效果及其对水华藻类生长的抑制能力,同时对处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力进行了测试.结果显示,刚毛藻在原始浓度总氮(TN)10.512 mg/L和总磷(TP)0.856 mg/L的富营养化湖水中能维持正常的生长代谢,并能有效去除水体中的N、P养分.在室内12 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、氨氮(NH4-N)、TP和无机磷(PO4-P)的平均去除率分别达53.13%,44.40%,35.71%和30.53%.在室外6 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、NH4-N、TP和PO4-P的日均减少量分别为1.643 5±0.413 9,1.350 3±0.352 4,0.113 7±0.041 1,0.074 2±0.033 0 mg/L,总去除率分别高达93.81%,94.62%,79.67%和77.66%.刚毛藻对水华微囊藻生长的抑制率达99.63%,处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力较原湖水下降了40.17%.据此认为,刚毛藻在净化污染水体、修复受损湖泊及防治水体富营养化等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

甜菜糖蜜酒精废液生产菌体蛋白饲料初探

甜菜糖蜜酒精废液含有大量的有机物，pH值低，BOD、CDO值高，直接排和会造成环境的严重污染，又损失了一些有机物，在此废液中可直接接入酵母菌，使其大量繁殖，生产出的菌体粗蛋白含量达41．7％，CDO值降低了20％以上，减轻了环境污染。     

活性污泥法处理城市污水中鼓风和纯氧两种曝气方法的比较

对活性污泥法处理城市污水中鼓风曝气和纯氧（或富氧）曝气这两种方法，从曝气设备结构、特点、工艺技术指标、运行管理及经济性等方面进行了分析和比较。     

两性田菁胶在处理生活污水中的助凝作用

研究了以聚合硫酸铁为主凝剂、两性田菁胶(ASG)为助凝剂处理城市生活废水的各种影响因素.实验结果表明:聚合硫酸铁和两性田菁胶分别以200mg/L和10mg/L的复配浓度、pH值接近7时混凝效果最佳,CODCr去除率达到近80%,处理后废水CODCr达到国家排放标准.     

水中铬污染治理的研究进展

综述了水中铬污染治理的研究进展,包括物理法、物理化学法、化学法、电化学法和生物处理法,并分别评述了各种处理方法的优缺点,提出了未来含铬废水治理的发展方向。     

应用大孔吸附树脂从农药废水中回收毕克草

毕克草为一种新型除草剂,通常情况下很难被降解,本文利用物理吸附原理通过自行制备的大孔吸附树脂从农药水中对其进行了回收,回收效果良好,同时也达到了废水处理的目的。优化的最佳实验条件:室温下,pH=1.0以及流速为5BV/h时,对COD为15000mg/L的毕克草废水吸附处理后,其出水可达《污水综合排放标准》(GB89—1996)中的一级排放标准;洗脱再生时,室温下,用95%的乙醇洗脱,流速为2BV/h,(即2倍树脂床体积/h)回收率可达98.4%,纯度达93.7%,总流程一次可处理该废水240mL。     

硅钼杂多阴离子薄膜修饰电极线性扫描伏安法测定黑液中可溶性硅

本文报导了以玻碳电极为基体的１：１２硅钼杂多阴离子薄膜化学修铈电极的制备及其电化学特性。并应用于导数伏安法测定。在４．０×１０￣（－３）ｍ０ｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ＿４）＿６ＭＯ＿７Ｏ＿（２４）－６．８×１０￣（－２）ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ＿３Ｃｉｔ－０．４８ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨＯ＿３体系中，硅浓度在８．３×１０￣（－７）～１．７×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与峰电流呈良好线性关系，检测限为８．０×１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对可溶性硅（以ＳｉＯ＿２计）为２４５．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ的黑液，稀释１０倍后，取２．００ｍＬ平行测定９次，ＲＳＤ为０．５８％，加标回收率在９７．３％～１０４．４％间。