基于多特征算法选择的太赫兹时域光谱用于水稻种子掺假研究

该文提出了一种基于太赫兹时域光谱的水稻种子模式识别方法。实验以10种不同品牌混合掺假的水稻种子为样本,基于采集的样本太赫兹时域光谱数据,通过建立Relief、随机森林（RF）、支持向量机递归特征消除（SVM-RFE）和最大相关最小冗余（mRMR）模型分别对样本光谱波长进行特征选择,最后设计分类器对4种特征选择方法处理后的样本进行分类识别。结果表明,基于布谷鸟算法（CS）优化的极限学习机模型对经RF特征选择算法提取后的样本光谱数据具有最佳识别效果,其准确率可达100%,实验对于法庭科学领域内种子的掺假鉴定具有一定的借鉴意义。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定食品中34种非法添加减肥类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定食品(含保健食品)中34种减肥类非法添加化合物的方法。采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子或负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。西布曲明等29种化合物在0.5~10μg/L范围内、氯噻嗪等5种化合物在2.5~50μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;西布曲明等29种化合物在5、10和20μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为49.2%~136.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~15.0%(n=6),氯噻嗪等5种化合物在25、50和100μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为51.5%~130.9%,RSD为0.8%~14.0%(n=6);西布曲明等29种化合物的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,氯噻嗪等5种化合物的检出限为25μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定,共检出了12种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

Characterization of Chickpea Flour by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Near infrared (NIR) spectrometry was used for the rapid characterization of quality parameters in desi chickpea flour (besan). Partial least square regression, principal component regression (PCR), interval partial least squares (iPLS), and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS) were used to determine the protein, carbohydrate, fat, and moisture concentrations of besan. Spectra were collected in reflectance mode using a lab-built predispersive filter-based instrument from 700 to 2500?nm. The quality parameters were also determined by standard methods. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the calibration and validation sets was used to evaluate the performance of the models. The correlation coefficients for moisture, fat, protein, and carbohydrates in chickpea flour exceeded 0.96 using PLS and PCR models using the full spectral range. Wavelengths from 2100 to 2345?nm had the lowest RMSE for quality parameters by iPLS. The error was further decreased by 0.41, 0.1, and 1.1% for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins by siPLS. The NIR spectral regions yielding the lowest RMSE of prediction were 1620–2345?nm for carbohydrates, 1180–1590?nm and 1860–2094?nm for fat, and 1700–2345?nm for proteins. The study shows that chickpea flour quality parameters were accurately determined using the optimized wavelengths.     

Characterization of Gasoline by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Chemometrics

Automotive fuel adulteration is an old and significant problem. One common type of fuel adulteration is the addition of diesel to gasoline. Unsupervised models were developed through hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis models. Supervised models through partial least square discriminant analysis using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as the input were used to classify samples as adulterated or unadulterated. Quantitative models were developed using partial least squares to determine the gasoline and diesel concentrations in the samples. This set contained samples composed of pure gasoline and anhydrous ethanol reproducing commercial gasoline and other samples treated with diesel. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis did not distinguish between adulterated and unadulterated samples except for the most adulterated materials. However, partial least square discriminant analysis classified 100% of the samples correctly. The partial least square algorithm provided excellent regression models for the gasoline and diesel content. The determination coefficient was 0.9920 for both models, whereas the root mean square error of cross-validation and root mean square error of prediction for the diesel model were 2.32 and 1.42%, respectively, and 2.40 and 1.38% for the gasoline model.     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定小麦粉及面粉改良剂中福美双

福美双是重要的二硫代氨基甲酸酯(DTC)杀菌剂,在小麦中使用限量以1 mg/kg二硫化碳(CS₂)计。目前我国相关检测方法是针对二硫代氨基甲酸酯一类的化合物,二硫代氨基甲酸酯通过与酸反应生成CS₂,采用光谱法或色谱法测定CS₂,间接实现二硫代氨基甲酸酯测定。该方法无法特异性实现对福美双的检测,因此开展小麦粉中福美双检测方法的研究具有重要意义。研究建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)测定小麦粉及面粉改良剂中福美双的分析方法。小麦粉及面粉改良剂样品用乙腈溶剂提取后,经涡旋、振荡、冰水浴超声和静置后取上清液过滤,供高效液相色谱测定。采用ZORBAX plus-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,以水-乙腈为流动相洗脱分析,在波长280 nm下检测。实验优化了提取溶剂及其体积、振荡超声条件、色谱柱、检测波长、流动相等条件。该方法采用保留时间和紫外光谱图定性,外标法定量。该方法在线性范围内(0.30~30.0 μg/mL)线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.99999。对小麦粉及面粉改良剂进行1.5、3.0、15 mg/kg 3个水平的加标回收试验,福美双的回收率为89.6%~98.3%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~3.9%(n=6)。方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.5 mg/kg和1.5 mg/kg。该方法采用溶剂提取,操作简单,分析时间短,特异性好,具有精密度高、重复性好、检出限低等特点,适用于小麦粉及面粉改良剂中福美双快速、准确的定量检测。     

Der Einfluß des Zusatzes von Hemicellulosen auf die Fließeigenschaften von Weizenmehlteig

The water adsorption capacity of a dough consisting of wheat flour was increased linearly by the addition of water-insoluble hemicelluloses (xylane, mannane etc.) extracted from beech-wood pulp using soda lye (a by-product of viscose fiber production). The investigation of this finding by viscosity measurements revealed two reasons for the higher water uptake: 1) a higher kneading resistance of the dough, and 2) a gel-regeneration of the kneaded dough during the dough-rest.

Herrn Prof. Dr. Josef Schurz zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

离子色谱法测定面制品和面包改良剂中的溴酸盐

用离子色谱法测定面制品和面粉改良剂中的溴酸盐。用30 mL水超声提取样品15 min(脂肪含量高的样品先用正己烷除脂),过HLB柱和银氢柱净化,以AS9–HC色谱柱分离,NaHCO3作为淋洗液,电导检测器检测,实现了复杂基质面制品中溴酸盐的检测。方法线性相关系数大于0.999,最低检测浓度为0.5 mg/kg,加标回收率为78.4%~106.3%。利用建立的方法对面制品和面包改良剂中的溴酸盐进行检测,共检测各类面制品144份,总体合格率为97.2%;检测面包改良剂类产品10份,合格率为40.0%。     

Effect of Bamboo Flour (BF) Content on the Dynamic Rheological Characteristics of BF-filled High-density Polyethylene (HDPE)

The effects of bamboo flour (BF) content on the dynamic rheological properties of BF-filled HDPE composites were investigated. Our findings showed that the addition of BF caused an enhancement of the non-Newtonianism of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) melt as well as the appearance of some new relaxation processes. In addition, the viscosity and modulus of the BF-filled HDPE composites showed a remarkable increase at 170?°C and 190?°C when the BF content exceeded 30%, which could be associated with the solid-like property of the WPCs at high BF loading, we propose. The present study we suggest will be useful to the formula design as well as the optimization of processing parameters for WPCs in general.     

Use of diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy and HPLC–UV–SPE–NMR to identify undeclared synthetic drugs in medicines illegally sold as phytotherapies

The informal (and/or illegal) e‐commerce of pharmaceutical formulations causes problems that governmental health agencies find hard to control, one of which concerns formulas sold as natural products. The purpose of this work was to explore the advantages and limitations of DOSY and HPLC–UV–SPE–NMR. These techniques were used to identify the components of a formula illegally marketed in Brazil as an herbal medicine possessing anti‐inflammatory and analgesic properties. DOSY was able to detect the major components present at higher concentrations. Complete characterization was achieved using HPLC–UV–SPE–NMR, and 1D and 2D NMR analyses enabled the identification of known synthetic drugs. These were ranitidine and a mixture of orphenadrine citrate, piroxicam, and dexamethasone, which are co‐formulated in a remedy called Rheumazim that is used to relieve severe pain, but it is prohibited in Brazil because of a lack of sufficient pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effective detection of benzoyl peroxide in flour based on parameter selection of Raman hyperspectral system

Penetration depth and spatial resolution of Raman hyperspectral imaging system were studied for effective detection of benzoyl peroxide in flour. The determinations of parameters were achieved by using the single-band background-correct image of a benzoyl peroxide Raman characteristic band and a simple threshold method. The selected parameters were used to detect mixture samples with different concentrations. Percentage of detected benzoyl peroxide pixels was positively correlated to its concentration. The result shows that parameters selected in this study are effective for the detection of benzoyl peroxide additive in flour and can be used for quantitative analysis in the future.