Enhanced output voltage of nano energy harvester with diverse textiles

Abstract

We demonstrate the electrical properties of nano energy harvesters (NEHs) with various textiles for smart textiles that can be applied to the next generation wearable electronics. Output voltages and currents of NEHs with various fabrics, such as a cotton, rayon and wool that have different triboelectricity were measured. Cotton, rayon and wool shows the maximum output voltages of 1.250, 3.313 and 4.063 V, respectively. In addition, output currents of those textiles were 0.75, 4.4, 1.063 μA, respectively. Wool, in particular, which has the highest triboelectricity of 350 V exhibits the highest output voltage.     

Novel synthesis of silica-coated magnetic nano-particles based on acidic ionic liquid,as a highly efficient catalyst for three component system leads to furans derivatives

In this work, thiocarbohydrazide doped iron nanoparticles as a novel, green, heterogeneous, and inexpensive catalyst is reported. This catalyzed the three components reaction of dialkylacetylenedicarboxylate with aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines to yield the corresponding furan derivatives EtOH. An indispensable part of green chemistry is to be able to recover and reuse catalysts without any notable drop in catalytic activity. The analysis of catalyst and application of that for the synthesis of title compounds in high yields reveal this property. The formation, size of the metal ions present in the material is confirmed by powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).     

Green synthesis and physical properties of crystalline silica engineering nanomaterial from rice husk (agriculture waste) at different annealing temperatures for its varied applications

Crystalline nano silica (SiO₂) was synthesized using a cost-effective eco-friendly method from agricultural waste material like rice husk. Polymer nanocomposite has been prepared using the sol-gel technique from crystalline nano silica using PVA as a polymer binder. Thermal analysis measurement is employed to investigate thermal stability. The XRD analysis shows the crystalline nature of silica is revealed to have characteristic peaks of SiO₂. The particle size was evaluated using Schererr's formula and found to be in the range of 21–31 nm. FTIR measurement shows the presence of O–Si–O (silane) bond formation. The PL measurement shows broad excitation prominently in the visible region. In the XRD pattern, a major peak of the Nanocomposite is observed at an angular position of 19.5° degree, which is more prominent than that of the PVA with the addition of 0.2 wt percent Nano silica to the PVA composite. SEM provides information on homogeneous distribution. This could be beneficial in terms of higher mechanical qualities as well as multifunctional properties. By hydrogen bonding, the PVA molecules are strongly linked to each SiO₂ nanoparticle as measured by FTIR. The stability of materials is confirmed by Zeta Potential and DLS. In the photoluminescence property of SiO₂-PVA crystalline Nano silica composite is excited using a radiation wavelength of 200 nm. The indirect bandgap was determined to be 4.28 eV which could be attributed to the 1100 °C annealing temperature. Such materials may be used as a semiconductor material obtained from a direct natural source, rice husk. Thus, in the present research structural, physical, and optical properties of crystalline nano silica and its polymer composite are explored, which leads us to prepare technological grads material from agricultural waste for varied applications including Agriculture to medical science.     

Effect of Direct yellow 50 removal from an aqueous solution using nano bentonite; adsorption isotherm,kinetic analysis and also thermodynamic behavior

The developing countries are suffering from the toxicity of different industrial effluents, especially dyes that contaminate water systems. This study successfully explained the preparation and characterization of nano bentonite to extract Direct Yellow Fifty (DY50). Direct Yellow 50 is an organic contaminant that may affect the quality of water. The characterization of prepared nanoparticles was done using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The impact of different operating conditions was studied using different pH, dose, temperature, contact time, and initial DY50 concentrations. The obtained results indicated that nano bentonite could adsorb about 94 % at initial concentrations of 40 mg/L, respectively. The optimum removal conditions were observed at an acidic pH (pH 3) using a sorbent material dosage of 0.05 g for 4 h at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic analysis, and thermodynamic behavior were studied using linear equation form, and the adjusted R² was compared to detect the preferred models. The adsorption behavior pseudo-second order kinetics, and fitted Langmuir isotherm model, respectively, showed the chemisorption interactions between adsorbed and sorbed molecules. Thermodynamic behavior indicated that the reaction was exothermic. Finally, this study strongly recommended using nano bentonite for DY50 removal from an aqueous solution.     

Electrochemical performance of a nano SnO2-modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material

The nano SnO₂-modified LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was successfully prepared by a carrier transfer method. The pristine and modified samples were characterized with various techniques such as XRD, SEM, XPS and EDS. The results showed that the SnO₂ particles did not enter the crystal structure of LiNi1/3Co1/ 3Mn1/3O₂, many nano SnO₂ particles were uniformly covered on the surface of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ and the modified thin layer could inhibit the dissolution of transition metal oxides. The electrochemical tests indicated that the existence of nano SnO₂ could improve the discharge capacity and rate capability owing to the decreased interfacial polarization. The cycling stability was remarkably improved at room temperature and 55 ℃. The XRD patterns of the fresh NCM electrode and after 50 cycles proved that the structural change of NCM was not so effective on the capacity fade.     

阿维菌素纳米水分散体的制备、表征及稳定性

利用阿维菌素具有2个活性羟基的特性,设计合成了一种具有阿维菌素结构单元的阴离子型聚氨酯分散剂,采用核磁共振和红外光谱表征了其结构.利用分散剂与阿维菌素结构的相似性,将溶有阿维菌素的分散剂溶液加入水中,制备了阿维菌素的纳米水分散体.研究分散剂中羧基含量及其分子量对分散体粒径的影响,结果表明,随着羧基含量的增加,分散体粒径逐渐降低,适当控制分子量有助于改善分散剂的分散能力.透射电镜显示分散粒子具有近似球形的形貌,粒径在20~40 nm之间.纳米分散体具有较高的离心稳定性和稀释稳定性.     

Nano titania-supported sulfonic acid catalyzed synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and of their xanthene derivatives under solvent-free conditions

An efficient, rapid and green synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and their xanthene derivatives is reported under solvent-free conditions using nano titania-supported sulfonic acid (n-TSA) as a reusable catalyst. This method offers many advantages, such as environmental friendliness reaction conditions, simplicity, short reaction times, easy work-up, reusability of catalyst, and high yields of products. Eight new compounds are reported too.     

In vivo Toxicity Evaluation of a Nano-drug Delivery System Using a Caenorhabditis elegansModel System

Drug carrier materials need to possess good biological safety. Presently, most biosafety evaluation studies use rodent animal models, including rats and rabbits. However, the cost of raising these animals is relatively high and the experimental period is long. Caenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) presents an ideal toxicological evaluation model due to its simple structure, easy cultivation, short life cycle, and evolutionary conservation. In this paper, we used C. elegans to test the biological safety of our pH-responsive carrier system(FFPFF self-assembling into a nanosphere structure, FFPFF Nps), which was designed for anti-tumor drug delivery. Our results showed that exposure to high doses of FFPFF Nps did not have a significant impact on the survival rate, growth, development, movement, and reproduction of C. elegans. The preliminary evaluation of the overall biological model of C. elegans shows that FFPFF Nps has good biological safety and warrants further study.     

重氮化制备钯(0)催化剂及其用于合成芳香胺研究

以2,3-二氨基萘为配体,K_2PdCl_4为金属前驱体,经重氮化制备出一种Pd(0)纳米催化剂(Pd-NPs),其结构经TEM、 XPS、 XRD、 EA和ICP-OES表征,并将催化剂应用于芳香醛类化合物直接还原胺化反应中.在常温常压下以苯甲醛为底物,水为溶剂,H_2为还原剂,探究了胺源、溶剂pH、催化剂用量、反应时间等变量对芳香伯胺产率的影响.实验结果表明芳香伯胺产率高达99%,且该催化剂能多次使用而不失活.     

基于纳米二氧化钛的光催化自清洁面料研究进展

由于市场需求的多样化,近年来功能性服装已经成为越来越多人的选择。自清洁服装因其具有免洗、节水、节能、环境友好等特点而受到广泛关注。纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)由于其优异的光致催化降解污染物性能、紫外屏蔽性能以及优异的抗菌性能成为制备多功能自清洁面料的最佳选择。本文介绍了纳米TiO_2的光催化降解污染物、紫外屏蔽和抗菌机理,总结了光催化自清洁面料目前面临的主要问题以及其研究进展,并对光催化自清洁面料的前景进行了展望。