ROTATIONAL RESISTANCE AND SHEAR-INDUCED ANISOTROPY IN GRANULAR MEDIA

This paper presents a micromechanical study on the behavior of granular materials under confined shear using a three-dimensional Discrete Element Method （DEM）. We consider rotational resistance among spherical particles in the DEM code as an approximate way to account for the effect of particle shape. Under undrained shear, it is found rotational resistance may help to increase the shear strength of a granular system and to enhance its resistance to liquefaction. The evolution of internal structure and anisotropy in granular systems with different initial conditions depict a clear bimodal character which distinguishes two contact subnetworks. In the presence of rotational resistance, a good correlation is found between an analytical stress-force-fabric relation and the DEM results, in which the normal force anisotropy plays a dominant role. The unique properties of critical state and liquefaction state in relation to granular anisotropy are also explored and discussed.     

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN WEDGE-SHAPED GRANULAR HEAPS

The present work explains the statics of self-weight transmission restricted to a long prismatic heap inclined at an angle of repose and symmetrically formed on a rigid base. The closure of polarized principal axes with the mobilized state of stress along the slope surface is employed by imposing the orientation of principal stresses on the equilibrium equations. Comparisons were made with calculations based on the finite element method using an elastic model. Moreover, experiments on sand heaps deposited on a rectangular rigid base were conducted to validate the theoretical study. The measured pressure profile generally agreed well with theoretical results.     

ACOUSTOELASTIC THEORY FOR FLUID-SATURATED POROUS MEDIA

Based on the finite deformation theory of the continuum and poroelastic theory, the aeoustoelastic theory for fluid-saturated porous media （FSPM） in natural and initial coordi- nates is developed to investigate the influence of effective stresses and fluid pore pressure on wave velocities. Firstly, the assumption of a small dynamic motion superimposed on a largely static pre- deformation of the FSPM yields natural, initial, and final configurations, whose displacements, strains, and stresses of the solid-skeleton and the fluid in an FSPM particle could be described in natural and initial coordinates, respectively. Secondly, the subtraction of initial-state equations of equilibrium from the final-state equations of motion and the introduction of non-linear constitu- rive relations of the FSPM lead to equations of motion for the small dynamic motion. Thirdly, the consideration of homogeneous pre-deformation and the plane harmonic form of the small dynamic motion gives an acoustoelastic equation, which provides analytical formulations for the relation of the fast longitudinal wave, the fast shear wave, the slow shear wave, and the slow longitudinal wave with solid-skeleton stresses and fluid pore-pressure. Lastly, an isotropic FSPM under the close-pore jacketed condition, open-pore jacketed condition, traditional unjacketed condition, and triaxial condition is taken as an example to discuss the velocities of the fast and slow shear waves propagating along the direction of one of the initial principal solid-skeleton strains. The detailed discussion shows that the wave velocities of the FSPM are usually influenced by the effective stresses and the fluid pore pressure. The fluid pore-pressure has little effect on the wave velocities of the FSPM only when the components of the applied initial principal solid-skeleton stresses or strains are equal, which is consistent with the previous experimental results.     

类岩石材料力学特性的试验及数值模拟研究

在进行多组不同配比类岩石材料单轴压缩试验和巴西试验的基础上,详细分析了石膏水泥比和石英砂含量对类岩石材料的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度及弹性模量等力学参数的影响规律,力图找到适合模拟现场砂质泥岩的类岩石材料及配合比。利用颗粒流程序(PFC)模拟,进一步研究了高径比和围压对类岩石材料力学特性的影响。结果表明:随着石膏水泥比的增大,抗压强度和弹性模量均逐渐减小,而抗拉强度逐渐增大;随着石英粉含量的增大,抗压强度和弹性模量均先增大后减小,而抗拉强度则为先减小后增大。结合单轴压缩过程的声发射特征,揭示了裂纹扩展与声发射有密切的关系。PFC2D模拟获得的力学参数与室内试验相近,破裂模式也与实际情况相似。通过尺寸效应的研究可知试样的高径比在2.0~2.5较合理。随着围压的增大,试样的峰值强度、残余强度、峰值应变及弹性模量等力学参数均增大,且围压会改变试样的破裂模式。     

轴对称几何下耦合MOF界面重构的多介质ALE方法

推导了轴对称几何下的MOF(Moment of Fluid)界面重构,将其与多介质ALE方法相耦合,形成MOFMMALE方法,并应用于多介质大变形流动问题的数值模拟研究。数值算例表明,耦合MOF界面重构的多介质ALE方法是求解多介质大变形流动问题的有效手段,并且具有很好的界面精度和分辨率。     

单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪分析香烟烟气气溶胶

单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱可同时对气溶胶单颗粒的粒径大小、化学成分进行实时、在线检测.本研究介绍了新近研制的单颗粒质谱仪的原理、结构、主要技术指标及对香烟烟气气溶胶的应用研究.仪器采用空气动力学透镜聚焦,双光束粒径测量系统确定颗粒物的空气动力学直径,激光电离系统实现颗粒物精确电离,通过双极有网反射飞行时间质量分析器实现正负离子同时检测.香烟检测结果表明,在颗粒物粒径分布上,新鲜香烟烟气颗粒范围较老化烟气宽.在气溶胶化学成分上,老化烟气颗粒物与新鲜烟气相比,尼古丁,氰酸盐,硝酸盐,硫酸盐及铵盐5种成分的数浓度百分比都有所增加,而含C1-的数浓度百分比减少.原因可能是由于烟气由气相到粒相之间的转化,及颗粒物与空气中的气体发生了非均相反应;C1-老化之后的减少是因为HN03与CI-之间的非均相反应.     

BaTiO_3纳米颗粒的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法合成及光催化降解甲基红性能

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法合成了BaTiO3纳米颗粒,利用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对样品进行了表征.结果表明,以柠檬酸酸为络合剂、pH=2且在700°C焙烧时可制备出单相BaTiO3纳米颗粒,其形状较为规整,近似呈球形,平均粒径约为55nm,光学带隙值为3.25eV.以偶氮染料甲基红为目标降解物,研究了BaTiO3纳米颗粒的光催化性能.结果表明,在紫外光照射下该纳米颗粒表现出较高的催化活性,光催化机理主要为光生空穴的直接氧化.     

Synthesis of Ultraviolet Absorber Benzotriazole by Nanoparticles Ag/SiO2 Catalytic Hydrogenation

The Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles had been successfully synthesized. The Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles can be an excellent catalyst for the synthesis of ultraviolet absorber benzotriazole by catalytic hydrogenation. The synthesis route is very efficient with less pollution and excellent yields. It is also easy to industrialized production.     

有序介孔有机金属Au(I)催化剂催化水相炔烃水合制备甲基酮

采用表面活性剂自组装、有机金属硅烷与苯基硅烷共聚法制备了有机金属Au(I)嵌于介孔材料孔壁的非均相催化剂Au(I)-PPh2-PMO(Ph).结果表明,Au(I)-PPh2-PMO(Ph)催化剂的活性位分散均匀,孔道不易堵塞,对反应物的扩散与传质影响较小,其催化活性不仅明显高于后嫁接法制得的Au(I)-PPh2-PMO(Ph)-G和均相Au(PPh3)Cl催化剂,且可以重复使用,显示出较好的应用前景.     

具有隔氧功能的Ru（dpp）3（ClO4）2-聚丙烯腈纳米颗粒的制备

选择对氧有敏感响应的4,7-二苯基-1,10-邻菲咯啉钌[Ru(dpp)]为荧光猝灭探针,通过条件优化,制备了粒径100nm左右且包埋有该荧光探针的聚丙烯腈纳米颗粒。研究结果表明,包埋于聚丙烯腈材料中的Ru(dpp)较好保持了原有的荧光特性和稳定性。丙烯腈纳米颗粒在100%氮氧改变的环境中,其荧光强度变化小于2%,显示了较好的隔氧效果。