浅谈初中生物理学习兴趣培养和稳固的策略

〇前言物理在我们日常生活中的应用越来越广泛,如应用在航天等先进科学技术方面,其已成为了一门非常重要的学科。学生都是在初中阶段开始接触和学习物理的,这个阶段对于学生今后的物理学习起着至关重要的作用,因为它为今后学习物理奠定了基础,同时也是学生物理学习兴趣得到培养的关键     

可视化在《复变函数》教学中的运用

复变函数作为二维复空间到二维复空间的映射需要四维空间表示,故诸多概念、定理较为抽象,学生理解困难.本文主要介绍了初等函数的可视化与可视化在多连通区域的积分以及黎曼面等教学中的运用,加深学生对知识的理解,提高教师课堂教学效果.     

认知状态视域下发展核心素养的数学复习课教学设计与实施

数学复习课对学习有着深化和发展的作用,通过精心设计新颖探究性问题,启导学生经历持续有序的问题解决和深度探究过程,构建知识和方法体系,促进高层次认知自组织状态的形成、智力与非智力因素有机融合,发展学生的数学核心素养.本文以人教A版“直线与圆的位置关系”复习课为例,从认知状态的视角谈谈发展核心素养的数学复习课教学设计与实施.     

席夫碱对La-Mg-Ni基储氢合金电化学性能的影响

为提高La-Mg-Ni基储氢合金La_0.73Ce_0.18Mg_0.09Ni_3.20Al_0.21Mn_0.10Co_0.60的电化学性能,由5-溴水杨酸和苯胺合成了一种席夫碱作为表面改性剂,对储氢合金进行表面处理。 从紫外与红外图谱可知,合成了目标席夫碱。 添加1%席夫碱后,合金的相结构没有改变。 与未添加席夫碱的合金电极相比,电极的最大放电容量略有下降,但50次充放电循环后合金电极的容量保持率有较大幅度提高,添加5%席夫碱的电极容量保持率从63%提高到75%,高倍率放电性能也有增加。 经表面处理后,合金电极的交换电流密度I₀与极限电流密度I_L均有大幅度提高,动电位极化曲线也表明合金电极的抗腐蚀能力变强。 以上结果均表明,添加少量席夫碱有助于改善储氢合金电极的电化学性能。     

基于蒙脱石和层状双氢氧化物纳米剥离的层层自组装异构薄膜制备

以乙酸乙酯为剥离介质,采用超声法剥离有机蒙脱石(CTA-MMT)和层状双氢氧化物(MgAl-SDS-LDH),以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为交联剂,采用层层自组装(LBL)的方法制备了蒙脱石-层状双氢氧化物异构薄膜(PVA/MMT/PVA/LDH)n.采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外-可见光分光光度计对样品进行了表征.结果表明,超声剥离处理后的CTA-MMT和MgAl-SDS-LDH片层厚度分别达到17 nm和12 nm.(PVA/MMT/PVA/LDH)n异构薄膜层间距为1.81 nm,一个组装循环得到以MMT和LDH纳米片层构成薄膜单循环片层,厚度约为170 nm.薄膜对264 nm左右的光呈现强烈的吸收带,并且吸收强度与薄膜厚度之间呈线性关系,表明薄膜单元层具有良好均一性.     

新型路基同心筒热冲击机理与热环境影响因子

针对新型同心筒自力发射高速热冲击载荷下热环境评估与影响因子决策问题,结合弹性变形和域动分层结合的动网格技术,求解了二维轴对称Navier-Stokes方程,分析了新型路基同心筒流场机理与热冲击特性,并确定了热环境评价指标;通过建立以优化拉丁超立方试验设计和径向基神经网络为理论基础的近似数学模型,解决了CFD自动建模困难、计算量大的难点;结合径向基神经网络训练方法,对导弹热环境的影响因子进行了智能决策研究。分析表明:倒吸进入新型同心筒内筒的低温气体有力改善了同心筒热环境;建立的近似模型精度较高,满足工程需求;对导弹热环境的影响因子从大到小依次为筒底导流板直径、筒底导流板长度、导流器高度;为导弹热环境多学科优化设计提供参考。     

Ultra-wideband reflective polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface

In this paper, we propose an ultra-wideband reflective linear cross-polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface. Its unit cell is composed of a square-shaped resonator with intersectant diagonal and metallic ground sheet separated by dielectric substrate. Simulated results show that the converter can generate resonances at four frequencies under normal incident electromagnetic(EM) wave, leading to the bandwidth expansion of cross-polarization reflection. For verification,the designed polarization converter is fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results agree well with each other, showing that the fabricated converter can convert x- or y-polarized incident wave into its cross polarized wave in a frequency range from 7.57 GHz to 20.46 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 91.2%, and the polarization conversion efficiency is greater than 90%. The proposed polarization converter has a simple geometry but an ultra wideband compared with the published designs, and hence possesses potential applications in novel polarization-control devices.     

Large scale fabrication of nitrogen vacancy-embedded diamond nanostructures for single-photon source applications

Some color centers in diamond can serve as quantum bits which can be manipulated with microwave pulses and read out with laser,even at room temperature.However,the photon collection efficiency of bulk diamond is greatly reduced by refraction at the diamond/air interface.To address this issue,we fabricated arrays of diamond nanostructures,differing in both diameter and top end shape,with HSQ and Cr as the etching mask materials,aiming toward large scale fabrication of single-photon sources with enhanced collection efficiency made of nitrogen vacancy(NV) embedded diamond.With a mixture of O_2 and CHF_3 gas plasma,diamond pillars with diameters down to 45 nm were obtained.The top end shape evolution has been represented with a simple model.The tests of size dependent single-photon properties confirmed an improved single-photon collection efficiency enhancement,larger than tenfold,and a mild decrease of decoherence time with decreasing pillar diameter was observed as expected.These results provide useful information for future applications of nanostructured diamond as a single-photon source.     

Ultrafast population transfer in a Λ-configuration level system driven by few-cycle laser pulses

The feasibility of population transfer from a populated level via an intermediate state to the target level driven by fewcycle pulses is theoretically discussed.The processes of on-or far-resonance stimulated Raman scattering with sequential or simultaneous ultrashort pulses are investigated respectively.We find that the ultrashort pulses with about two optical cycles can be used to realize the population operation.This suggests that the population transfer can be completed in the femtosecond time scale.At the same time,our simulation shows that the signal of the carrier-envelope-phase-dependent effect can be enlarged due to quantum interference in some conditions.Our theoretic study may promote the research on the coherent control via ultrashort pulses in the related fields.     

聚碳酸酯弹丸穿甲实验与数值模拟

利用空气炮为加载设备,开展了不同头部形状聚碳酸酯弹丸的穿甲实验,获得了弹体穿甲时靶板 的变形时间历程曲线及弹靶相互作用时间,观察到不同弹体在穿甲过程中产生的断裂、内部损伤及头部塑性 变形等失效特征。采用光塑性方法,分析了截锥型聚碳酸酯弹丸穿甲后的变形特征,通过用户子程序将DSGZ 模型引入商用有限元程序,对截锥型聚碳酸酯弹丸的穿甲过程进行了数值模拟,获得了不同时刻聚碳酸 酯弹丸应力分布及靶板的变形特征,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。