固定化葡萄糖氧化酶活性的X射线微区分析

利用X射线微区分析方法,对固定化活性葡萄糖氧化酶进行了定位分析;葡萄糖作为底物,FeSO4和KI作为捕捉剂,底物经固定化葡萄糖氧化酶催化产生H2O2,后者和捕捉剂反应生成沉淀,可以确定固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的催化活性部位。结果表明：颗粒越小,酶活越高,活性葡萄糖氧化酶在凝胶内分布均匀,且绝大多数葡萄糖氧化酶固定在凝胶的内部。作者还研究了固定化活性葡萄糖氧化酶定位的最佳条件。     

中红外光谱无创伤检测血糖新方法

糖尿病是一种常见的代谢内分泌疾病,是由于人体内缺乏胰岛素或其受体异常所致,以高血糖为主要特征,为一种世界范围内的流行疾病,近年来其发病呈显著上升趋势,目前全世界约有10％的成年人身患此病,在我国,糖尿病患者约有四千万人,血糖的测量对于临床诊断和糖尿病人血糖的控制很重要,常规的方法是静脉取血测量血糖,该方法会给病人带来一定的痛苦,同时增加了感染机会,     

储氢合金阴极电还原葡萄糖制备山犁醇

混合稀土储氢合金具有的吸氢性能,可以以氢化物的形式可逆吸放氢,并在适当的条件下以高活性原子氢的形式释放所储存的氢;经活化的混合稀土储氢合金表面偏析形成的富镍层具有良好的催化氢化能力。利用稀土系储氢合金RENi3.9Co0.59Mn0.28Al0.22为阴极,恒电流电解法还原葡萄糖制备山梨醇,采用正交设计法优选得出电解条件：阴极液为0.4mol/L葡萄糖溶液,40℃,pH＝12,电流密度为0.5A/dm^2。在该条件下取得了675的电流效率和80％的还原产率;探讨了储氢合金阴极对葡萄糖电化学还原反应机理。     

2,2＇－二磺酸基联苯氨的合成

间硝基苯磺酸盐;;葡萄糖;甲醛;2;2＇－二磺酸基联苯氨的合成     

一种分离葡萄糖氧化酶的方法

葡萄糖氧化酶 ( GOD)在食品工业和生物传感器中有着广泛的应用[1] .在商品葡萄糖氧化酶中含有 1 0 %～ 1 6%的碳水化合物 [2 ,3 ] ,这部分碳水化合物的存在影响 GOD的结晶过程 [4 ] .另外 ,其它的一些因素如样品的纯化和均一性等 ,对结晶的过程也有很大的影响 ,杂质的存在会阻止结晶过程的进行[5] .对分离杂质后 GOD的物理化学性质与分离前是否有变化 ,这方面的研究还很少 .目前 ,随着快速蛋白质液相色谱仪技术的发展 ,同时结合高分辨率的离子交换树脂 Mono Q已能对商品 GOD作进一步的分离工作 [6,7] ,分离所需时间也大大减少 ,峰的分…     

Alteration of glucose consumption kinetics with progression of baculovirus infection in Spodoptera frugiperda cells

We have used the initial-rate approach to characterize changes in the glucose consumption kinetics of baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda clone 9 (Sf9) cells with the progression of the infection process. The specific glucose consumption rate (q _G) of cultured baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells was measured at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h postinfection (h.p.i.) in media containing 4–35 mM glucose. Higher medium glucose concentrations resulted in higher final extracellular virus and recombinant β-galactosidase yields. q _G was related to the extracellular glucose concentration by means of a Michaelis-Menten relationship. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K _m) for glucose consumption was found not to change significantly during the progression of the infection process, and remained between 6.2 and 7.2 mM. However, the maximal specific glucose consumption rate (q _Gmax) was found to rapidly increase after infection, peaking at 16 h.p.i. at a value four times that for uninfected Sf9 cells. The kinetic analysis of glucose consumption rates in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells presented here will aid in the optimal design and operation of bioreactor systems for the large-scale production of recombinant products from the baculovirus/insect cell system.     

2,4-二氧六氢-1,3,5-三嗪糖苷的合成

２,４－二氧六氢－１,３,５－三嗪与乙酰溴代糖反应,合成了４个未见文献报道的标题化合物（Ｉ～ＩＶ）,产物结构均经ＩＲ,１ＨＮＭＲ和ＥＡ鉴定     

d-Allulose Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Background: d-Allulose is a rare sugar with antiobesity and antidiabetic activities. However, its direct effect on insulin sensitivity and the underlying mechanism involved are unknown. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of d-allulose on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance using the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic (HE)-clamp method and intramuscular signaling analysis. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three dietary groups: chow diet, HFD with 5% cellulose (HFC), and HFD with 5% d-allulose (HFA). After four weeks of feeding, the insulin tolerance test (ITT), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and HE-clamp study were performed. The levels of plasma leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed the levels of cell signaling pathway components in the skeletal muscle using Western blotting. Results: d-allulose alleviated the increase in HFD-induced body weight and visceral fat and reduced the area under the curve as per ITT and IPGTT. d-Allulose increased the glucose infusion rate in the two-step HE-clamp test. Consistently, the insulin-induced phosphorylation of serine 307 in the insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt and expression of glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) in the muscle were higher in the HFA group than HFC group. Furthermore, d-allulose decreased plasma TNF-α concentration and insulin-induced phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase in the muscle and inhibited adiponectin secretion in HFD-fed rats. Conclusions: d-allulose improved HFD-induced insulin resistance in Wistar rats. The reduction of the proinflammatory cytokine production, amelioration of adiponectin secretion, and increase in insulin signaling and Glut-4 expression in the muscle contributed to this effect.     

Enhancement of O-GlcNAcylation on Mitochondrial Proteins with 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranoside,Contributes to the Mitochondrial Network,Cellular Bioenergetics and Stress Response in Neuronal Cells under Ischemic-like Conditions

O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient-driven post-translational modification known as a metabolic sensor that links metabolism to cellular function. Recent evidences indicate that the activation of O-GlcNAc pathway is a potential pro-survival pathway and that acute enhancement of this response is conducive to the survival of cells and tissues. 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranoside (SalA-4g), is a salidroside analogue synthesized in our laboratory by chemical structure-modification, with a phenyl ring containing a para-methoxy group and a sugar ring consisting of N-acetylglucosamine. We have previously shown that SalA-4g elevates levels of protein O-GlcNAc and improves neuronal tolerance to ischemia. However, the specific target of SalA-4g regulating O-GlcNAcylation remains unknown. To address these questions, in this study, we have focused on mitochondrial network homeostasis mediated by O-GlcNAcylation in SalA-4g’s neuroprotection in primary cortical neurons under ischemic-like conditions. O-GlcNAc-modified mitochondria induced by SalA-4g demonstrated stronger neuroprotection under oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation stress, including the improvement of mitochondrial homeostasis and bioenergy, and inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Blocking mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation with OSMI-1 disrupted mitochondrial network homeostasis and antagonized the protective effects of SalA-4g. Collectively, these data demonstrate that mitochondrial homeostasis mediated by mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation is critically involved in SalA-4g neuroprotection.     

模拟过氧化物酶催化性能的研究

过氧化物酶(POD)能催化H₂O₂氧化一系列氢供体(DH₂)转化成氧化型供体(D)。氢供体可以是邻联二茴香胺、4-氨基安替比林和苯酚及某些染料隐色体等。这类反应不仅可提供检测H₂O₂的灵敏方法,还可与产生H₂O₂的其它酶反应系统联用,测定葡萄糖、半乳糖、氨基酸、尿酸及胆醇等生物物质。