用于血糖无创检测的喇曼光谱系统

以铊掺杂自聚焦透镜作为光谱采集透镜,设计了一种小型可穿戴式光谱采集探头,在此基础上搭建了一种小型可穿戴式血糖喇曼光谱检测系统.利用该系统对不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液、11只实验白鼠以及10位人体志愿者进行测试.以光谱特征峰面积作为主要计算参考,以峰强度作为辅助参考进行光谱定量分析.针对不同样本分别建立基于主导因子的非线性多变量偏最小二乘模型以计算葡萄糖水平.计算结果表明葡萄糖溶液、实验白鼠以及人体的准确度分别为98.1%、89.3%和84.4%,测试准确性得到提高.该检测系统具有体积小、成本低、喇曼信号采集稳定、使用方便等优点,能够准确实现人体血糖的无创检测并具有较好的可重复性.     

Electronics and Structural Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Interacting with a Glucose Molecule：ab initio Calculations

The adsorption of glucose molecule on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is investigated by density functional theory calculations. Adsorption energies and equilibrium distances are evaluated, and glucose binding to the typical semiconducting and metallic nanotubes with various diameters and chirality are compared. We also investigated the role of the structural defects on the adsorption capability of the SWCNTs. We could observe larger adsorption energies for the larger diameters semiconducting CNTs, while the story is paradoxical for the metallic CNTs. The obtained results reveal that the adsorption energy is significantly higher for nanotubes with higher chiral angles. Finally, the adsorption energies are calculated for defected nanotubes for various configurations such as glucose molecule approaching to the pentagon, hexagon, and heptagon sites in the tube surface. We find that the respected defects have a minor contribution to the adsorption mechanism of the glucose on SWNTs. The calculation of electron transfers and the density of states supports that the electronic properties of SWCNTs do not change significantly after the gluycose molecular adsorption. Consequently, one can predict that presence of glucose would neither modify the electronic structure of the SWCNTs nor direct to a change in the conductivity of the intrinsic nanotubes.     

烷基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的合成与性能

以葡萄糖为原料,经乙酰化、选择性脱C1位乙酰基、转化成三氯乙酰亚胺酯、与受体醇偶联和脱保护5步反应合成了11种不同碳链长度的烷基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。 利用核磁共振、偏光显微镜和热失重分析法对其进行结构表征和性能测试。 结果表明,当烷基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷疏水烷基链长n为 6~10时,均具有发泡和乳化性能,特别是正壬基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(n=9)具有更加优异的发泡和乳化性能;当烷基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷疏水链的长度n≥7时,均具有热致液晶行为,特别是正十二烷基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(n=12)和十四烷基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(n=14)能够形成更加稳定的液晶态。     

牛磺酸对缺血/再灌注大鼠肾脏GRP78和Caspase-12表达的影响

观察牛磺酸(Tau)对肾缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠肾脏GRP78、Caspase-12表达的影响及其意义。将Wistar大鼠30只随机分为假手术组(对照组)、I/R组和I/R+TMP组。采用夹闭双侧肾蒂45min再灌注24h制备肾I/R模型。I/R+TMP组在手术前1h按200mg.kg-1腹腔注射Tau,余操作同I/R组。检测血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr);光镜观察肾小管组织结构变化;RT-PCR和免疫组化检测GRP78、Caspase-12mRNA和蛋白表达。与假手术组比较,I/R组大鼠血清BUN,Cr水平显著升高,肾组织损伤严重,GRP78和Caspase-12mRNA和蛋白表达呈显著性增加(P<0.01);与I/R组比较,I/R+Tau组血清BUN、Cr水平及GRP78、Caspase-12表达均有显著性下降(P<0.05),肾脏损伤明显减轻。牛磺酸对肾脏缺血/再灌注大鼠GRP78、Caspase-12过度表达升高有很好的抑制作用,这可能是它减轻肾脏缺血/再灌注损伤的重要机制之一。     

超临界甲醇处理对活性炭表面性质及钌炭催化性能的影响

采用超临界甲醇处理活性炭,水浸渍制备负载钌炭催化剂,用N2物理吸附、Boehm滴定、X光电子能谱（XPS）和程序升温还原（TPR）等测试技术研究了超临界甲醇处理对活性炭表面结构及表面基团相对含量的影响,并以葡萄糖加氢生产山梨醇为模型反应对钌基催化剂的性能进行了评价。 研究结果表明,超临界甲醇处理活性炭,活性炭的孔结构性能变化不大,但可有效降低活性炭表面含氧酸性基团的含量,使催化剂的还原温度升高,增强了载体和活性组分间的相互作用,有效的提高了钌的分散度,从而提高所负载催化剂的催化活性。 在实验范围内,当超临界甲醇的温度为300 ℃,处理时间为12 h时,在4.0 MPa、120 ℃、葡萄糖的质量分数为50%的反应条件下,催化剂的反应速率（按Ru单位质量计）达到了118.65 mmol/(min·g),是未处理活性炭的1.96倍。     

In Vitro Tests for a Rapid Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Plant Species Containing Caffeic Acid Derivatives: A Validation by Two Well-Known Antidiabetic Plants,Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf and Musanga cecropioides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) Stem Bark

Plant bioactive extracts represent a major resource for identifying drugs and adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes. To promote early screening of plants’ antidiabetic potential, we designed a four in vitro tests strategy to anticipate in vivo bioactivity. Two antidiabetic plants were studied: Ocimum gratissimum L. (Oc) leaf extract and Musanga cecropoides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) stem bark extract. Chemical compositions were analyzed by LCMS and HPLC. Antidiabetic properties were measured based on (1) INS-1 cells for insulin secretion, (2) L6 myoblast cells for insulin sensitization (Glut-4 translocation), (3) L6 myoblast cells for protection against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) oxidative stress (cell mortality), and (4) liver microsomial fraction for glucose-6-phosphastase activity (G6P). Oc extract increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, whereas it decreased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality and G6P activity. Mu extract decreased insulin secretion and had no effect on insulin sensitivity or G6P activity, but it increased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality. Results were compared with NCRAE, an antidiabetic plant extract used as reference, previously characterized and reported with increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, protection against oxidative stress, and decreased G6P activity. The proposed set of four in vitro tests combined with chemical analysis provided insight into the interest in rapid early screening of plant extract antidiabetic potential to anticipate pharmaco-toxicological in vivo effects.     

离子液体中CNT/nanoTiO_2-Pt膜电极电催化氧化葡萄糖

循环伏安法研究葡萄糖在离子液体[EMI]BF4中于碳纳米管/纳米TiO2膜载Pt(CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt)复合膜电极上的电催化氧化.结果表明,CNT/nanoTiO2-Pt电极对葡萄糖氧化具有高催化活性,氧化电位为-0.46V;在组成为离子液体与水的体积比为3∶1的电解液中,葡萄糖的氧化效果最好.电极反应过程受浓差极化控制.     

Biotinylated fluorescent probe for the specific and quantitative determination of blood glucose

The quantitative detection of biomarkers in protein‐rich samples using fluorescent probes is usually hampered by nonspecific fluorescence as a result of nonspecific probe–protein interactions. In this paper, we report a biotinylated fluorescent probe that is encapsulated in avidin protein, which can generate very specific fluorescence in blood serum by blocking out nonspecific dye–protein interactions. This approach was applied successfully to quantify glucose concentrations in blood serum.     

α‐Fe2O3 Film with Highly Photoactivity for Non‐enzymatic Photoelectrochemical Detection of Glucose

A non‐enzyme photoelectrochemical (PEC) glucose sensor based on α‐Fe₂O₃ film is investigated. The α‐Fe₂O₃ film was fabricated via a simple spin coating method. The proposed glucose sensor exhibits good selectivity, a fast response time of <5 s, a linear range of 0.05 to 6.0 mM, sensitivity of 17.23 μA mM^?1 cm^?2 and a detection limit of 0.05 μM. Meanwhile, the excellent performances of the α‐Fe₂O₃ sensor were obtained in reproducibility and the long‐term stability under ambient condition. The linear amperometric response of the sensor covers the glucose levels in physiological and clinical for diabetic patients. Therefore, this non‐enzyme PEC sensor based on α‐Fe₂O₃ film has a great potential application in the development of glucose sensors.     

基于Ni12P5纳米粒子的电化学传感器用于灵敏测定葡萄糖

通过改进的热溶剂胶体合成法制备了单分散的Ni₁₂P₅纳米粒子,并利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线能谱对Ni₁₂P₅纳米粒子的晶体结构、化学组成和形貌等进行了表征。基于单分散Ni₁₂P₅纳米粒子研制出的非酶葡萄糖传感器具有出色的性能,其快速响应时间小于3 s,检测范围广（0.002~4.2 mmol·L^-1）,灵敏度高达1 572 mA·L·mol^-1·cm^-2,检测限低至0.8 μmol·L^-1。此外,该传感器在用于人体血液中葡萄糖的实际检测中取得了满意的效果。