MICROMECHANICAL MODELLING OF STRAIN SOFTENING IN MICROCRACK-WEAKENED QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS

By using the concept of domain of microcrack growth(DMG),themicromechanisms of damage in quasi-brittle materials subjected to triaxial either tensileor compressive loading are investigated and the complete strew-strain relation includingfour stages is obtained from micromechanical analysis.The regime of pre-peaknonlinear hardening corresponds to the distributed damage,i.e.the stable propagationof microcracks.After the attainment of the ultimate strength of load-bearing capacity,some microcracks experience the second unstable growth and the distributed damage istransmitted to the localization of damage.These analyses improve our understanding ofthe hardening and softening behaviors of quasi-brittle materials.     

固体润滑透平轴承 第三部分:在316℃下与陶瓷对摩的复合材料的发展

将以前与M-50钢对摩进行过评价的三维石墨纤维编织物增强的聚酰亚胺基自润滑保持架复合材料,在316℃下与热压氮化硅对摩进行了摩擦磨损试验,以确定其与陶瓷材料对摩时在摩擦学性能方面的变化。这些材料将应用在固体润滑的采用高比强度陶瓷滚动元件的高速透平轴承中。试验结果表明,这些复合材料与热压氮化硅对摩时的摩擦和磨损都急剧增大。这是由于从氮化硅环上发生了细小磨屑的物理和(或)化学转移,以及这些磨屑转移到复合材料表面上的缘故。调整复合材料中纤维和聚合物基体的比例,以及用所研究过的两种固体润滑剂混合物之一都可以降低摩擦与磨损。     

GENERALIZATION OF STEINER FORMULAFOR THE HOMOTHETIC MOTIONS ONTHE PLANAR KINEMATICS

The Steiner formula and the mixture area formula given by M(U|¨)ller were expressed under the one-parameter closed planar homothetic motions in the complex sense . Also, using the generalization of Steiner formula, the result of Holditch theorem for homothetic motions is got. In the case of the homothetic scale h≡1 the results given by M(U|¨)ller are obtained as a special case.     

《现代连续统物理丛书》中译本序

中国力学学会理性力学与力学中数学方法专业组,一九七九年八月在兰州大学举办的第一次理性力学讲学讨论会上,共同商定组织翻译由美国普林斯登大学A.C.Eringen 教授主编的《连续统物理》卷1至卷4,共分十七册.争取在今明两年来陆续出版,以利于推进我国理性力学的发展.今得江苏科技出版社的大力支持,《丛书》即将和广大读者见面了.原主编A.C.Eringen教授曾在一九八○年夏亲自来我国讲学(微极场论和非局部场论),并亲自撰就中译本版序,为《丛书》在我国翻译出版给予了热情支持.《丛书》分册目录和中译本序如下:第一分册张量分析:第二分册群论:第三分册不变量理论:第四分册泛函分...     

THERMODYNAMIC AND PARTICLE-DYNAMIC STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES USING MICROWAVE-INDUCED PLASMA CVD

1. Introduction1.1 Silica nanoparticles and synthesis methods Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in industry asan active filler for polymer reinforcement, a rheologicaladditive in fluids, a free flow agent in powders, and anagent for chemical mechanical polishing during IC (inte-grated circuit) fabrication (Sniegowski & de Boer, 2000).Silica powder is also used for producing silicon carbide(Koc & Cattamanchi, 1998) or opaque silica aerosols (Leeet al., 1995). Many methods can …     

CHARACTERIZATION OF POWDER FLOWABILITY USING MEASUREMENT OF ANGLE OF REPOSE

In response to the need in industry for a quick and reproducible method of measuring the flowability of powders in processes involving transport and storage, the apparently simple idea of measuring angle of repose has been revived. The simple tester first used has evolved over a number of years into the present version which is shown to be capable of handling quite small samples of powders that are even slightly cohesive. Experimental data are presented and results shown to compare consistently with the better known Hausner ratio.     

A DEVELOPMENT OF BEM TO TWO DIMENSIONAL ELASTICITY

This paper presents a new boundary integral equatiòn for two-dimensional elasticity with the stress component σ_(ij)t_it_j as one of the boundary values,where t_i is the direction cosine of the tangent on the boundary.This form of BEM hasan advantage in that the stress component σ_(ij)t_it_j on the boundary can be calculateddirectly from the numerical solution.The present formulation for plane problems usestwo kernels,the one is logarithmically singular and the other is 1/r singular.Theeffectiveness of the approach is also discussed through test examples.     

用三维立体摄影测量技术测活猪后腿肉的体积

研发了一高分辨率三维立体摄影测量系统,并成功地应用于扑捉活猪的三维形状以用于饲养猪的研究.为调查饲料和猪生长的关系,将32头猪分成高Lysine和低Lysine两饲料组观察.连续14 周,每周用该系统拍摄猪的图像一次.该系统有三个立体摄影头,分别拍摄猪的侧面、背面和后腿面的立体图像.为重建猪的三维形状用以科学分析,我们研发了图像处理软件,包括相机标定、立体图像匹配和三维形状合成, 并提出一种从每周测得的形状中提取每只猪每周后腿肉的体积的算法.实验证明该系统是精确和可靠的.     

生物无机化学范式的转变:硅质海绵动物中二氧化硅的酶促缩聚反应(英文)

硅蛋白的发现导致了生物无机化学范式的转变,因为它是第一个可以催化无机单体合成无机聚合物分子的酶。分子生物学,生物化学和细胞生物学数据证实,两种硅质海绵动物,包括寻常海绵和六放海绵,它们的骨针都是由硅蛋白/酶催化合成的。这种酶不仅存在于硅质海绵骨针内部,而且也存在于硅质海绵骨针表面。在硅质海绵骨针生长过程中,它催化生物二氧化硅的合成而构建硅薄层,一层层的硅薄层逐步沉积从而形成硅质海绵骨针。寻常海绵动物Suberites domuncula体外实验获得的硅蛋白活性数据(催化生物二氧化硅的形成)反映了体内骨针生长所需的生物二氧化硅量。本文最后总结了在寻常海绵动物骨针生长和成熟过程中出现的生物熔合现象,即内部的硅薄层"烧结"在一起形成致密的硅棒。强壮的和坚硬的生物二氧化硅骨架的形成需要经历一个硬化过程,这个过程由海绵动物排水通道表面的细胞膜控制,排除生物二氧化硅缩聚反应过程中释放出的水分而使材料固化。     

描述甲烷在Pt(110)-(21)表面的化学吸附解离的密度泛函评估

本文探讨了几种梯度近似(GGA)密度泛函及元梯度近似(meta-GGA)密度泛函在描述甲烷在重构的Pt(110)-(2×1)上的解离化学吸附作用的适用性. 金属的体相和表面结构、甲烷的吸附能量和解离能垒等被用来评估泛函的可靠性. 另外,在从头算分子动力学计算中,采用范德瓦尔斯矫正的GGA函数(optPBE-vdW)和范德瓦尔斯矫正的meta-GGA函数(MS-PBEl-rVV10）计算粘附概率. 计算结果表明,使用这两种泛函能更好地与现有的实验结果吻合,从而为发展甲烷在Pt(110)-(2×1)表面解离的可靠机器学习势能面打下重要基础.