水-气界面下低速流体条带的喷射行为

对剪切水－气界面下湍流低速条带的喷射现象进行了细致的观测。喷射过程中，条带的一部分迅速离开水面近区下侵,与深层高速流动发生激烈的相互作用。这意味着条带喷射对水面剪切层中的湍流输运有重要影响。根据流动显示的图像资料获得的定量结果揭示出喷射行为的基本特征，包括喷射频率、喷射流体的轨迹和速度分布等。文中将这些特征与固壁湍流边界层中的对应情形作了比较。实验观察和喷射、猝发事件的时间分布特点表明，低速条带喷射是猝发过程的组成部分，喷射的时间间隔一般显著小于猝发，两种现象的出现都具有很强的随机性。将喷射与湍动能产生率的空间分布作比较，它们的形状极为相似，反映出喷射过程可能是水面附近湍流的主要贡献者。     

Steady advance of coal and gas bursts

This paper establishes a one-dimensional model to analyse the mechanism of coal and gas bursts. It is found that the intrinsic factor governing bursts is the coupling of the initiation of the moving of coal fragments with the gas seepage. A typical (strong) burst can be treated as a steady advance process. The significant dimensionless parameters concerning bursts and an approximate burst criterion are given, and they are in good agreement with the statistics of field data. The project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

固壁温度对壁湍流相干结构的影响

用半导体元件对平板进行加热，用ＶＩＴＡ法和ｍｕ－ｌｅｖｅｌ法两种条件采样技术研究了固壁温度对湍流相干结构的影响，改进了Ｔｉｅｄｅｒｍａｎ等人提出的“归组”方法，并且用“归组”的ＶＩ－ＴＡ法和ｍｕ－ｌｅｖｅｌ法研究了固壁加热对湍流猝发平均周期的影响．实验结果表明，固壁加热使得湍流脉动速度均方根值变大，条件采样检测到的事件数量增多，但猝发周期维持不变     

Investigations on burst length in optical burst switched networks

In this paper, we investigate the performance of optical burst switched networks for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). We show that EDFAs are more suitable for burst switching as compared to SOAs. We further investigate the burst length for 18, 24.6 and 55 km optical switched network. It is observed that burst length should neither be very small nor very large. If the burst length is small, throughput will be less, and if the burst length is very large, delay will be very large. This is due to higher wait times incurred when packets are formed into larger bursts causing additional overall delay. It is observed that performance decreases up to a small burst length of 1500 μs, which is the minimum burst length required for the creation of the burst. Once this burst is created, there is significant improvement in the quality factor up to 3000 μs. After this burst length, the performance again degrades. Hence the burst length can be optimized for the best quality factor in optical burst switched networks. We further show that by increasing EDFA gain, the quality deteriorates as increasing the EDFA gain results in increased levels of additive phase noise, which can further induce nonlinearities.     

压力管道爆裂压力模型比较研究和改进的剩余强度评价方法

在役管道剩余强度评价使用传统评价方法B31G和APIRP-579时,由于存在一些不确定因素使评价结果偏保守,但它能确保管道安全运行.同时,现在国内外研究机构又制定了一些新的管道爆裂压力预测模型.一些科研机构通过预测管道爆裂压力来对比这些评价方法.但在他们的对比中,使用B31G时并没有对安全因子修正,不能准确的预测管道的爆裂压力,所以在可靠性评价和剩余强度评价中使用B31G不能达到好的效果.本文使用安全因子对这些模型进行修正,预测管道的爆破压力极限,并与常用极限情况模型评价公式进行对比.结果表明,在极限情况时,双剪条件模型是一个较为准确的爆破压力极限预测模型,同时,它适合于结构可靠性评价.     

用子波分析能量最大准则修正检测壁湍流猝发的mu-level法

将壁湍流脉动速度信号子波分析技术引入壁湍流相干结构猝发检测的研究,基于子波分析能量最大准则确定相干结构猝发的时间尺度,对能量最大时间尺度的子波系数进行子波逆变换,获得能量最大时间尺度的脉动速度信号。根据其自相关函数的波长确定相干结构的平均猝发周期;根据能量最大时间尺度的子波系数的正极大值和负极小值检测壁湍流喷射和扫掠事件,获得壁湍流相干结构喷射和扫掠事件的相位平均波形。该方法可以不需要确定门限值,有效排除了小尺度脉动的干扰。     

光突发交换中支持区分业务的混合封装和改进的头部丢弃策略

介绍一种在光突发交换网中支持业务QoS,并减少分组到达乱序的突发包混合封装机制.通过将不同级别的分组组成相对独立的段,并进而封装到同一个突发包里,可减少分组到达乱序.结合改进的头部丢弃策略,可克服尾部丢弃法中存在的虚假冲突问题,能真正改善分组丢弃率.仿真结果表明,混合封装在结合改进的头部丢弃法之后,能很好地应用于具有QoS要求的光突发交换网中.     

墙壁反射中子对脉冲堆波形的影响

墙壁的反射中子会对快脉冲堆的波形产生明显的影响.堆芯中子泄漏后,经过墙壁的反射有一定的概率返回堆芯,由于能量的差异,泄漏中子的返回时间是一个连续的分布.传统的双区模型只考虑了相互作用概率,而没有时间信息,尽管可以很好地解决稳态问题,而无法解决瞬态问题.本文采用等效的方法,把泄漏中子等效为时间相关的堆芯本征源,建立了含有反射效应的时间关联双区模型.求解得到的脉冲波形与CFBR-Ⅱ的实验结果一致,从而合理解释了脉冲波形后沿衰减变慢和坪功率提高的实验现象.     

壁湍流猝发过程中速度分量的相位差对雷诺应力影响的实验研究

用IFA300恒温热线风速仪和×形二分量热线探针,以采样间隔小于最小湍流时间尺度的分辨率,精细测量了风洞中平板湍流边界层不同法向位置的瞬时流向、展向速度分量的时间序列信号.用子波分析辨识壁湍流相干结构猝发事件的能量最大准则,确定壁湍流相干结构猝发事件的时间尺度;用条件相位平均技术提取了相干结构猝发过程中流向、展向脉动速度分量条件相位平均波形,用互相关方法研究了相干结构猝发过程中流向、展向脉动速度分量条件相位平均波形的相位差关系及其对雷诺应力的影响,发现在缓冲层和对数律区,展向脉动速度与流向脉动速度的条件相位平均波形具有不同的相位;当两者相位基本一致时,雷诺应力达到正的最大值,此时湍流相干结构的产生非常活跃;当两者相位差分别集中在90°和270°附近时,雷诺应力的幅值减小并接近于零,此时湍流相干结构的产生和猝发都得到了抑制.     

The possible electromagnetic counterparts of the first high-probability NSBH merger LIGO/Virgo S190814bv

LIGO/Virgo S190814 bv is the first high-probability neutron star–black hole(NSBH) merger candidate, whose gravitational waves(GWs) triggered LIGO/Virgo detectors at21:10:39.012957 UT, 14 August 2019. It has a probability 99% of being an NSBH merger,with a low false alarm rate(FAR) of one per 1.559 e+25 years. For an NSBH merger,electromagnetic counterparts(especially short gamma-ray bursts(GRBs)) are generally expected. However, no electromagnetic counterpart has been found in the extensive follow-up observing campaign. In the present work, we propose a novel explanation for this null result. In our scenario, LIGO/Virgo S190814 bv is just a GW mirror image of the real NSBH merger which should have been detected before 14 September 2015, but at that time we had no ability to detect its GW signals. The electromagnetic counterparts associated with the real NSBH merger should be found in the archive data before 14 September 2015. In this work, we indeed find nine short GRBs that are possibly electromagnetic counterparts.