BaTiO3微波合成的反应机理研究

BaTiO₃的微波合成在中间相、产物形貌、颗粒上元素浓度等方面与常规合成均不相同,从实验上说明了微波合成中有非热效应的存在。在微波场中Ba^2+,Ti⁴⁺的扩散都得到很大的增强,由常规合成中基本为Ba²⁺扩散转化为Ba^2+,Ti⁴⁺相互扩散,尽管仍然是以Ba²⁺扩散为主,但Ti⁴⁺的扩散不能忽略。微波合成反应中扩散过程的增强作用主要表现在对扩散系数指前因子及扩散推动力的影响。微波合成过程中没有Ba₂TiO₄中间相的出现,与常规合成有较大的差别,反应的动力学过程分析表明该反应符合Carter方程。在X射线衍射定量分析结果基础上计算微波合成BaTiO₃表观反应活化能为42.26kj/mol,仅为常规反应的1/5。     

计算机自动生成数学命题——以三元均值不等式的加强为例

<正>数学命题是数学研究的重要部分.如果没有好的题目源源不断地“生产”出来,解题研究也难以持续发展.然而,发现一个好的命题并不容易.设a,b,c为正数(下同),求证:a~3+b~3+c~3≥3abc+a (b-c)~2+b (c-a)~2+c (a-b)~2.这是华东师范大学《数学教学》(1985年第三期)上的一题.供题人冷岗松教授在《数学竞赛试题的若干命题策略》中讲述此题的发现经历.他给学生讲解瑞典1983年试题abc≥(-a+b+c)·(a+b-c)(a-b+c)时,一个学生采取“暴力展开”,于是有了发现.     

Conservation laws of the generalized nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation

The derivations of several conservation laws of the generalized nonlocal nonlinear Schr?dinger equation are presented. These invariants are the number of particles, the momentum, the angular momentum and the Hamiltonian in the quantum mechanical analogy. The Lagrangian is also presented.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Characterization of Ba5LiTiNb9O30

A new niobate compound with the chemical composition of Ba5LiTiNb9O30 was synthesized by doping Li^ into the system BaO-TiO2-Nb2O5 in conventional solid state reaction method. The crystalline structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that crystal structure of Ba5LiTiNb9O30 belongs to tetragonal tungsten bronze structure with space group P4bm and its unit cell parameters: a=b=1.2512(2) nm, c=0.4008(5)nm. The microstructure of reaction products was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

杂多酸催化作用下氢醌与甲醇生成氢醌单甲醚反应机理的探讨

氢醌单甲醚(HQMME)是单体聚合的高效阻聚剂,又是重要化工原料.以氢醌(HQ)和硫酸二甲酯为原料的经典合成法,由于硫酸二甲酯的剧毒和价格昂贵,正在被HQ和甲醇的催化合成法所代替.有报道,杂多酸(HPA)对该反应有优良催化性能.本文考察了四种HPA对HQ和MeOH生成HQMME的催化性能及其影响因素,并探讨了反应机理.     

微波场对SrTiO3化学合成中热过程的影响

在分析微波场中 SrTiO3化学合成体系与电磁场相互作用的基础上 ,探讨合成体系在微波场中的加热机制和影响升温的主要因素（如合成体系的介电性质、保温材料的结构、生坯的致密度等） .结果表明 ,TiO2和 SrCO3在低温阶段对体系的升温速率的贡献相接近 ;高温阶段体系升温主要是 TiO2的贡献 ,同时产物对升温有较大的影响 .微波合成与常规合成在加热方式上的明显不同,对合成过程、合成时间等影响较大 .     

氧化铝对稀土有机配合物掺杂溶胶凝胶玻璃结构及发光性能的影响

Both silica glass materials singly doped with rare earth organic complex and co-doped with Al^3 were prepared by in situ sol-gel method respectively. XRD and SEM measurements were performed to verify the non-crystalline structure of the glass. The excitation spectra, emission spectra and IR spectra were measured to analyze the influence of the glass contents on the structure of the glass and the energy level of the doped Eu(IH) ions. The effect of Al^3 on the photoluminescence properties of rare earth organic complex in silica glass was investigated. The IR spectra indicated that the in situ synthesized europium complex molecule was confined to the micropores of the host and the vibration of the ligands was frozen. When Al2O3 was doped into the silica host gel, the rare earth ions in the silica network were wrapped up and dispersed by Al2O3, so the distribution of Eu(Ⅲ) complex in the host was morehomogeneous, and the luminescence intensity of ^5D0-^7F2 transition emission of the Eu^3 ions was improved. The results showed that an appropriate amount of Al^3 added to the gel glass improved the emission intensity of the complex in the silica glass, and when the content of Al2O3 reached 4 mol%, the maximum emission intensity could be obtained compared with that of other samples containing different Al2O3 contents.     

S-M（M=Al,Co）复合掺杂LiMn2O4的结构稳定性

应用量子化学电荷自洽离散变分Xα(SCC-DV-Xα)方法,研究了S-Al、S-Co复合掺杂增强尖晶石结构锂锰氧化物稳定性的作用机制.计算结果表明, S-Al复合掺杂锂锰尖晶石和S-Co复合掺杂锂锰尖晶石中的共价键强度均比未掺杂尖晶石LiMn2O4中的强,且与MnO2中的共价键强度相近; S-Al, S-Co复合掺杂尖晶石中Mn的电荷也与MnO2模型[Mn6O26]28－中十分接近. Mn原子的电荷密度次序是MnO2≈掺硫铝后锰锂尖晶石≈掺硫钴后的锂锰尖晶石< 锰锂尖晶石.即[LixMn3Co3O20S6]n－和[LixMn3Al3O20S6]n－中Mn的状态与MnO2中的Mn相似.上述结果揭示了S和非Jahn-Teller效应阳离子（Al3＋,Co3＋）复合掺杂尖晶石结构锂锰氧化物在电化学过程中不会发生Jahn-Teller畸变的内在原因.     

系列新铌酸盐A6n+[Bxm+Nb12-x]Nb4O42的合成及粉晶X射线衍射分析

０IntroductionNiobateshavemanykindsofstructures．TheseareperovskitetypeABO３（KNbO３），tungstenbronzetypeANb２O６（Ba２NaNb５O１５），chainandlamellartypes犤１～１１犦．SincethenewcompoundK６CrNb１５O４２withakindoftunnelstructureinthepotassiumniobatesystemwasfoundinourlaboratoryforthefirsttime犤１２犦，wehavesynthesizedaseriesofcompoundswiththesamestructure，forexample，K６FeNb１５O４２，K６Ni０．６７Nb１５．３３O４２，Ba６Cr４Nb１２O４２andBa６Ni２．６７Nb１３．３３O４２etc．T…