微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定山东小麦中铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、铅、锌的含量

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定山东小麦中7种重金属元素(Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb、Zn)的方法,并对山东地区千余份小麦进行分析。结果表明,通过使用适宜的内标和He碰撞模式,7种重金属元素的方法检出限在0.0007~0.09 mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在10%以内,标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法用于国家有证标准物质(GSB-3、GSB-4、GSB24)的测定,结果与标准值相符。方法灵敏度高,重现性好,定量准确,可用于大批量小麦样品的测定。     

Geographical discrimination of Chinese winter wheat using volatile compound analysis by HS‐SPME/GC‐MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis

This study aimed to develop a potential analytical method to discriminate the Chinese winter wheat according to geographical origin and cultivars. A total of 90 wheat samples of 10 different wheat cultivars among three regions were examined by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The peak areas of 32 main volatile compounds were selected and subjected to statistical analysis, which revealed significant differences among different regions and cultivars. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant influence of regions, wheat genotypes, and their interaction on the volatile composition of wheat. Principal component analysis of the aromatic profile showed better visualization for wheat geographical origins. Finally, a classification model based on the linear discriminant analysis was successfully constructed for the discrimination of regions and cultivars with the correct classification percentages of 90 and 100%, respectively.     

In-Situ Monitoring of Chromium Uptake in Different Parts of the Wheat Seedling (Triticum aestivum) using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The present work is a methodological study to investigate the effect of chromium (VI) stress on wheat seedlings. Point detection capability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was utilized for the monitoring of in-situ chromium uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. Chromium accumulation and its effects on other elements in wheat seedling were investigated by comparing the intensities of spectral lines of chromium and other minerals present in the LIBS spectra. In-situ LIBS spectra of the different parts of the wheat seedlings were recorded by directly focusing the laser beam on the surface of root, stem, and leaf of the seedlings grown with and without chromium-containing solutions. The spectra obtained from the different parts (root, stem, and leaf) of the wheat plant were analyzed to determine the distribution pattern/accumulation of chromium. Effect of the chromium uptake on the distribution pattern of other elements like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) was also investigated. It was observed that chromium concentrations in plant organs decreased in the following order: roots > leaves > stems.     

冬小麦冠层高光谱对低温胁迫的响应特征

在全球范围内,低温冻害已经成为了冬小麦减产的主要灾害之一,而高光谱遥感技术已成为一种有效的监测与预防手段。为了探究拔节期冬小麦冠层高光谱对低温胁迫的响应规律,通过低温胁迫试验,对同一品种拔节期冬小麦在-2,-4和-6℃等3个温度梯度下处理12h,并测定其冠层光谱反射率,提取红边参数,从而研究低温胁迫对冬小麦冠层光谱特征的影响。结果表明,冬小麦在遭受低温胁迫后,在近红外波段冠层光谱反射率随着低温胁迫程度的加大而升高,而在可见光波段则降低,并出现"绿峰"减弱,"红谷"抬升的现象。另外,对原始光谱进行一阶微分处理后,其一阶微分光谱随低温胁迫程度的加剧,出现向短波方向移动,红边位置也出现"蓝移"现象,红边面积与红边幅值也出现逐渐增大的趋势。研究表明冬小麦在拔节期遭受低温胁迫以后,其冠层光谱对其响应敏感,利用高光谱技术可以实现冬小麦冻害的有效监测。     

新型苯并噁唑杂芳基硫醚化合物的合成及其对小麦种子发芽率的影响

根据活性基团拼接原理,分别以4-甲基-2-氨基苯酚和邻氨基苯酚为原料,SCH₂为“桥梁”基团,设计并合成了9个苯并噁唑杂芳基硫醚化合物(6a~6e和10a~10d),其中6, 10a和10d为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和元素分析表征。采用培养皿滤纸发芽法考察了6和10对小麦种子发芽率的影响。结果表明：在合适的浓度下,6和10对小麦种子发芽率均有促进作用。     

Durability of Flame-Retarded,Co-Extruded Profiles Based on High-Density Polyethylene and Wheat Straw Residues

At present, little information is available in the scientific literature related to the durability (weathering resistance) of fire-retarded wood and natural fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. In this work, thermoplastic profiles for façade applications based on high-density polyethylene, wheat straw particles, and fire-retardants were extruded and their reaction-to-fire performance before and after artificial weathering evaluated. Profile geometries were either solid or hollow-core profiles, and fire-retardants (FR) were added either in the co-extruded layer or in the bulk. Various FR for inclusion in the co-extruded layer were screened based on UL-94 tests. For profile extrusion, two types of FR were chosen: a coated intumescent combination based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and an APP coated with melamine and without formaldehyde. Before weathering, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR), which were determined using cone calorimeter measurements, were reduced by up to 64% and 67% due to the FR. However, even before weathering, pHRR of the profiles was relatively high, with best (lowest) values between 230 and 250 kW/m² under the test conditions. After 28 days of artificial weathering, changes in reaction-to-fire performance and color were evaluated. Use of the APP in the co-extruded layer worsened color change compared to the formulation without APP but the pHRR was not significantly changed. The influence of weathering on the fire behavior was small compared to the difference between fire-retarded and non-fire-retarded materials. Results from the cone calorimeter were analyzed with regard to ETAG 028, which provides requirements related to the durability of fire performance of building products. In many formulations, increase in THR was less than 20% compared to before weathering, which would place some of the profiles in class C or better (EN 13501-1). However, due to the high pHRR, at best, class D was obtained under the conditions of this study. In addition to cone calorimeter measurements, results from the single flame source test, limiting oxygen index determination and thermogravimetric analysis, are shown and discussed. Strength properties, water uptake and swelling of the profiles, thermal conductivity, and energy dispersive X-ray data are also presented.     

Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using LC/MS/MS profiling of the target compounds

The aim of this study was to present integrated mass spectrometric methods for the structural characterization and identification of flavonoid glycoconjugates. During the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, TriVersa NanoMate chip‐based system with nanoelectrospray ionization and fraction collection was combined to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. In the extract samples prepared from green leaves of wheat plantlets, 41 flavonoid derivatives were recognized. Part of the target natural products had the full structure being characterized after the registration of mass spectra, where m/z values for protonated [M + H]⁺ and deprotonated molecules [M ? H]^? were annotated. MS² and pseudo‐MS³ experiments were performed for [M + H]⁺ or [M ? H]^? and aglycone ions (Y₀^+/?‐type), respectively. It should be underlined that pseudo‐MS³ mass spectra were registered for aglycone product ions in the mass spectra of O‐glycosides present in the extract samples. In many cases, only tentative structural identification of aglycones was possible, mainly because of the presence of numerous C‐monoglycoside or C‐diglycoside in the samples. Acylation of the sugar moiety and/or methylation of the aglycone in the flavonoid glycosides under study was observed. The existence of isobaric and/or isomeric compounds was demonstrated in the extract studied. The collision‐induced dissociation mass spectra registered for C,O‐diglycosides and C,C‐diglycosides did not permit to draw complete structural conclusions about the compounds studied. For the investigated class of natural products, unambiguous classification of sugar moieties linked to the aglycones from the recorded mass spectra was not possible. Registration of the positive and negative ion mass spectra did not lead to the precise conclusion about the glycosylation position at C‐6 or C‐8, and O‐4′ or O‐7 atoms. It was possible, on the basis of the collected MS² spectra, to differentiate between O‐glycosides and C‐glycosides present in the samples analyzed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wettability of ionic surfactants SDS and DTAB on wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaf surfaces

Abstract

Due to the important use of pesticide formulation, it is necessary to make it clear how ionic surfactant effect the wettability at leaf surface. In this work, we used the sessile drop method to study the wettability of SDS and DTAB on wheat leaf surfaces at different leaf stages, and reveal the relationship between surfactants structures and leaf stages of wheat leaf surfaces on wettability behavior. Results showed that few surfactant molecules adsorbed at the interface at low concentrations. With the concentration increased, the surfactant replaced the air layer partially within the nano/micro structure of leaf surfaces. When the concentration exceeded to CMC, the adsorption of surfactant molecules was saturated at both air-liquid interface and solid-liquid interface, the wetting state was still the transitional state between Cassie-Baxter’s and Wenzel’s state. In all concentrations, the adhesional tension and surface tension showed the linear relationship and the slope values were all below ?1, suggesting there were more surfactant molecules adsorbed at the solid-liquid interface than the liquid-air interface. As SDS is a common wetting agent and DTAB is a common fungicide in agrochemical, this study will provide potential guidance in practical application of pesticide solutions in leaf surface wetting.     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定小麦制品中的铝含量

采用密闭微波消解小麦制品,在优化微波消解条件的基础上,建立微波消解－电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定小麦制品中铝元素的方法。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定市场上多种小麦制品中Al元素的含量,该方法简单快速,准确度好、精密度高,标准曲线相关系数在0.9950~ 0.9999之间,是测定小麦制品中铝含量的一种有效分析方法。通过对小麦制品中铝含量的检测分析,为小麦制品的食用安全性提供了检测数据,同时也可为小麦制品加工业的质量控制提供借鉴。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定小麦制品中的铝含量

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定小麦制品中铝元素的方法是在微波消解条件的优化基础之上进行的。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定市场上多种小麦制品中Al元素的含量,方法快速简便,结果准确、精密度高,标准曲线相关系数在0.995 0~0.999 9,是一种准确测定、分析小麦制品中铝含量的方法,同时其检测数据为小麦制品的食用安全性提供保障。