两末端染料修饰PNIPAM链的折叠动力学研究

本文通过原子转移自由基聚合方法合成了两种窄分布的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM). 用一种新型的含丹磺酰基(dansyl)的化合物作为引发剂,从而使PNIPAM一末端带有丹磺酰基荧光基团. PNIPAM的另一末端通过点击化学连接dabcyl基团. 稳态荧光实验发现当PNIPAM溶液温度从36 °C升至45 °C时,丹磺酰基荧光强度以及dansyl与dabcyl之间的能量转移效率随温度的升高而增加,说明升温过程中dansyl周围的微环境变得疏水,且dansyl与dabcyl之间的距离逐渐缩短. 利用自主搭建的激光诱导温度跃变结合荧光检测装置,研究了两末端修饰染料的PNIPAM的折叠动力学. 结果表明,对聚合度为85和142的PNIPAM而言,其dansyl荧光强度变化的特征时间分别为3.8 ms和5.8 ms,说明特征时间与链的长度相关. 此外,聚合度为85的PNIPAM的能量转移变化的特征时间为2.9 ms,说明能量转移的变化要快于dansyl的荧光强度变化.     

可识别微层裂前界面的阶跃信号电探针测试技术

受微喷射物质干扰,现常用的测试技术难以对复杂结构金属样品微层裂前界面进行准确识别,针对该问题提出阶跃信号电探针测试技术。对传统电探针受微喷射物质干扰出现不正常放电现象的原理进行分析,设计阶跃信号形成电路。开展锡金属样品爆轰实验,对比传统电探针和阶跃信号电探针的放电波形,分析阶跃信号电探针数据解读方法,联合X光测试技术,对阶跃信号电探针放电波形阶跃信号高电平出现时刻进行检定。实验结果表明:阶跃信号电探针测试技术能够识别微喷射物质的干扰,可用于爆轰加载下金属样品微层裂前界面的识别。     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

多嵌段共聚物磺酸盐离子导体的合成、结构及导电特性

合成了系列环氧乙烷-(对苯二甲酸乙二酯-CO-间苯二甲酸乙二酯磺酸钠)多嵌段共聚物(EOTM-SO₃Na),用NMR、WAXD和DSC等方法进行了结构表征。EOTM-SO₃Na是一种新型的单阳离子导体,室温电导率可达2.3×10^-6S·cm^-1。     

DYNAMICS OF A NONLOCAL DISPERSAL FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE MODEL IN A SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT

Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the major contagious zoonotic diseases in the world.It is caused by various species of the genus Aphthovirus of the family Picornavirus,and it always brings a large number of infections and heavy financial losses.The disease has become a major public health concern.In this paper,we propose a nonlocal foot-and-mouth disease model in a spatially heterogeneous environment,which couples virus-to-animals and animals-to-animals transmission pathways,and investigate the dynamics of the disperal.The basic reproduction number R₀is defined as the spectral radius of the next generation operator R(x)by a renewal equation.The relationship between R₀and a principal eigenvalue of an operator L₀is built.Moreover,the proposed system exhibits threshold dynamics in terms of R₀,in the sense that R₀determines whether or not foot-and-mouth disease invades the hosts.Through numerical simulations,we have found that increasing animals'movements is an effective control measure for preventing prevalence of the disease.     

基于Kohonen网络的激光超声缺陷探测研究

在激光超声缺陷检测技术中,不同类型缺陷采样信号的准确分类至关重要.针对激光超声表面波实验采样信号高维小样本的特点,采用了一种有监督学习的Kohonen神经网络(S_Kohonen)自适应分类方法.在S_Kohonen网络自组织学习的过程中,通过改进网络的学习率提高了网络的收敛速度.通过采用一种无需邻域半径判断的自适应权值调整方式来实现竞争层神经元权值不同程度的调整,从而更有效的表征输入样本的分布特征.通过对不同类型缺陷探测样本的多次实验,验证了所述方法具有良好的分类预测效果,多次交叉验证分类正确率均能达到100%.     

一类多对多随机格斗的获胜概率

为了计算出多对多随机格斗的获胜概率,首先推导出多对多随机格斗的状态转移速率,然后应用拉普拉斯变换的性质,分别计算出在不带搜索和带搜索两种情形下,三对二随机格斗中双方各自获胜概率的实用公式.     

Influence ofγ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles doping on the image sticking in VAN-LCD

Image sticking in liquid crystal display(LCD)is related to the residual direct current(DC)voltage(RDCV)on the cell and the dynamic response of the liquid crystal materials.According to the capacitance change of the liquid crystal cell under the DC bias,the saturated RDCV(SRDCV)can be obtained.The response time can be obtained by testing the optical dynamic response of the liquid crystal cell,thereby evaluating the image sticking problem.Based on this,the image sticking of vertical aligned nematic(VAN)LCD(VAN-LCD)with different cell thicknesses(3.8μm and 11.5μm)and different concentrations ofγ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles(0.017 wt.%,0.034 wt.%,0.051 wt.%,0.068 wt.%,0.136 wt.%,0.204 wt.%,and 0.272 wt.%)was evaluated,and the effect of nano-doping was analyzed.It is found that the SRDCV and response time decrease firstly and then increase with the increase of the doping concentration ofγ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the VAN cell.When the doping concentration is 0.034 wt.%,theγ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can adsorb most of the free impurity ions in liquid crystal materials,resulting in 70%reduction in the SRDCV,8.11%decrease in the decay time,and 15.49%reduction in the rise time.The results show that the doping ofγ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can effectively improve the image sticking of VAN-LCD and provide useful guidance for improving the display quality.     

基于棱镜模型多次折射法的海水盐度检测系统

为了提高光学折射法海水盐度检测精度,综合分析现有检测方法,认为其海水盐度检测精度低的主要原因是其检测光路为平行平板模型.由此,提出了棱镜模型多次折射法检测方案.利用棱镜模型而不是平行平板模型,提高了光线的偏折角;通过设置多个棱镜模块,进一步扩大偏折角,从而大大提高系统的分辨力.设计了光路并进行仿真分析,研制了样机并进行...     

具有不育控制和不育年龄的种群动力学模型

VVIC是一种新的害鼠控制技术.应用生物学家想从理论上研究其有效性,从而可以用于评估和指导实验.我们建立一类年龄结构的VVIC技术控制下害鼠种群动力学模型,考虑其动力学性质,得出病毒感染性的强弱对控制一雄一雌或一雄多雌婚配制度害鼠种群影响非常大.同时也得到不育年龄可以导致模型产生周期振荡现象.