各向异性本构关系在板料成形数值模拟中的应用

对几种能表达面内各向异性的屈服准则Hill、Barlat-Lian、Barlat进行了比较。以弹性变形服从各向同性广义虎克定律的情况下，给出了基于张量算法推导的弹塑性本构关系的一般表达式，并由此导出了相应屈服准则的弹塑性本构关系的显式表达。借助ABAQUS软件本构模块用户子程序接口，分别实现了这些屈服准则在ABAQUS的嵌入。以模拟方形盒的拉延过程为例，分析了不同的屈服准则在板料成形过程数值模拟中的应用。模拟结果表明，基于弹塑性本构关系一般表达所列出的相应屈服准则的显式表达式是正确的；在采用壳元来模拟板料成形时，采用Barlat准则的模拟结果和采用Barlat-Lian准则的结果差别不大。     

MODELING HARVEST SCHEDULING IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF FORESTS FOR LONGTERM WATER YIELD OPTIMIZATION

In this study, wood production and hydrologic functions of forests were accommodated within a planning procedure for separate working circles (areas dedicated to certain forest functions) that were delineated according to an Ecosystem‐Based Functional Planning approach. Mixed integer goal programming was used as the optimization technique. The timing and scheduling of a maintenance cutting (partial harvest) was the decision variable in the modeling effort, and an original formulation was developed as a multiobjective planning procedure. Four sample planning strategies were developed and model outputs were evaluated according to these strategies. Spatial characteristics of stands were considered, and used to prohibit the regeneration of adjacent stands during the same time period. Because of the positive relationship between qualified water production and standing timber volume in the forest, the model attempts to maximize qualified water production levels by increasing standing volume stocks in the forest through the delay of regeneration activities.     

Xe~(26+)入射Au靶离子L壳层空穴的产生与退激辐射

基于两体碰撞过程的能量与角动量守恒,推导出Xe26+离子与Au原子碰撞过程,单离子的L壳层空穴产额与离子动能的理论关系.实验测定了动能2.4-3.6Me V的Xe26+离子入射Au靶,产生的Xe的L-X射线谱,获得了射线产额与离子入射动能的实验关系.结果表明,碰撞过程产生Xe L壳层空穴的同时,产生了一定数目的 M壳层空穴,导致L壳层空穴平均荧光产额显著变大,在实验能量范围,空穴产额的理论值与射线产额的实验值存在较好的一致性.     

高能电子辐照绝缘厚样品的表面电位动态特性

采用数值计算和实验测量相结合的方法, 阐明了高能电子束照射下绝缘厚样品的表面电位和电子产额动态特性. 结果表明: 由于电子在样品内部的散射和输运, 沿着深度方向, 空间电位先缓慢下降到最小值, 然后逐渐升高并趋近于零; 随着电子束照射, 样品的表面电位逐渐下降, 可至负千伏量级, 电子总产额逐渐增大至一个接近于1的稳定值; 电子束停止照射后, 长时间放置下, 表面电位将逐渐升高, 但带电并不会消除; 表面电位随电子束能量的升高近似线性下降, 随入射角的增大而升高, 而随样品厚度的增大仅略有下降.     

氮掺杂碳点的制备及其对阿莫西林高灵敏检测

以天然物质石斛为原料,一步水热法合成高荧光量子产率的氮掺杂碳点(NCDs),通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见光吸收图谱(UV-Vis)及荧光光谱(PL)对合成的NCDs进行表征。 实验结果显示合成的NCDs发强烈的蓝色荧光,呈现为球形或准球形,均匀分散,尺寸范围在1~5 nm;其表面含有丰富的COOH、OH和NH₂等水溶性基团,最佳激发和发射波长分别为350和435 nm,且具有良好的发光稳定性。 通过测定,合成的NCDs的荧光量子产率高达29.19%。在pH=7.4的缓冲溶液中测定不同物质对NCDs的荧光影响,相同条件下发现只有阿莫西林能够对NCDs荧光进行明显猝灭,表明合成的NCDs可选择性的识别阿莫西林,通过NCDs的荧光强度变化构建一种可灵敏检测阿莫西林的传感器,检测线性范围为2.6~30 μmol/L,检出限为0.15 μmol/L。     

Synthesis of carbon dots with a tunable photoluminescence and their applications for the detection of acetone and hydrogen peroxide

Carbon dots(CDs) with multi-color emissive properties and a high photoluminescent quantum yield(PLQY) have attracted great attention recently due to their potential applications in chemical,environmental,biological and photo-electronic fields.Solvent-dependent effect in photoluminescence provides a facial and effective approach to tune the emission of CDs.In this study,green emissive nitrogen-doped carbon dots(N-CDs) are synthesized from p-hydroquinone and ethylenediamine through a simple hydrothermal method.The as-prepared N-CDs possess a robust excitation-independent green luminescence and a high PLQY of up to 15.9%.Further spectroscopic characterization indicates that the high PLQY is achieved by the balance of nitrogen doping states and the surface passivation extent in CDs.The N-CDs also exhibit solvent-dependent multi-color emissive property and distinct PLQY in different solvents(the maximum can reach up to 25.3%).Furthermore,the as-prepared N-CDs are applied as fluorescence probes to detect acetone and H2O2 in water.This method has exhibited a low detection limit of acetone(less than 0.1 %) and a quick and linear response to the H_2O_2 with the concentration from 0 to 120 μmol/L.This work broadens the knowledge of applying CDs as probes in the bio and chemical sensing fields.     

中温热解焦油重馏分悬浮床加氢裂化的研究

以中温热解煤焦油为原料,对其性质进行了分析,其中,350℃重质馏分中胶质含量30.88%,沥青质含量37.27%,四氢呋喃不溶物3.36%,属于常规固定床加氢裂化难以直接处理的馏分。合成了一种Mo系超分散催化剂,采用FT-IR、XPS、XRD、SEM和TEM等对催化剂进行了表征,催化剂中含有Mo=O和Mo-S特征结构,活性金属的硫化率为84.34%,在体系中具有优良的分散性,在反应体系内原位分解为超分散MoS_2颗粒;在0.25 t/d连续装置上进行了热解重油悬浮床加氢裂化实验研究,考察了反应条件对产物分布情况和结焦率的影响,得出适宜的反应条件为19 MPa,440℃,催化剂的添加量为300 mg/kg;此条件下石脑油收率24.47%,柴油馏分收率49.71%,结焦率1.32%。     

Natural convection of non-Newtonian power-law fluid over axisymmetric and two-dimensional bodies of arbitrary shape in fluid-saturated porous media

Numerical analysis of the free convection coupled heat and mass transfer is presented for non-Newtonian power-law fluids with the yield stress flowing over a two-dimensional or axisymmetric body of an arbitrary shape in a fluid-saturated porous medium. The governing boundary layer equations and boundary conditions are cast into a dimensionless form by the similarity transformation. The resulting system of equations is solved by a finite difference method. The parameters studied are the rheological constants, the buoyancy ratio, and the Lewis number. Representative velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are presented and discussed. It is found that the results depend strongly on the values of the yield stress parameter and the power-law index of the non-Newtonian fluid.     

OPTIMAL HARVEST FEEDBACK RULE ACCOUNTING FOR THE FISHING‐UP EFFECT AND SIZE‐DEPENDENT PRICING

Abstract Fishing leads to truncation of a population's age and size structure. However, large‐sized fish are usually more valuable per unit weight than small ones. Nevertheless, these size‐related factors have mostly been ignored in bioeconomic modeling. Here, we present a simple extension to the Gordon–Schaefer model that accounts for variations in mean individual catch weight, and derive the feedback rule for optimal harvest in this setting. As the Gordon–Schaefer model has no population structure, size effects have to be accounted for indirectly. Here we assume a simple negative relationship between fishing effort and mean individual weight, and a positive relationship between mean catch weight and price. The aim is to emulate alterations of size structure in fish populations due to fishing and the influence of size on price per weight unit and eventually, net revenues. This demonstrates, on a general level, how such size‐dependent effects change the patterns of optimal harvest paths and sustainable revenue in single fish stocks. The model shows clear shifts toward lower levels of optimal effort and yield compared to classical models without size effects. This suggests that ignoring body size could lead to misleading assumptions and policies, potentially causing rent dissipation and suboptimal utilization of renewable resources.