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101.
N. Shanta Singh R.S. Ningthoujam S. Dorendrajit Singh B. Viswanadh N. Manoj R.K. Vatsa 《Journal of luminescence》2010,130(12):2452-2459
Highly crystalline spherical nanoparticles of MVO4:Tm3+ (M=Gd, Y) having a size of 20–45 nm were prepared using ethylene glycol as both capping agent and reaction medium. X-ray diffraction study shows linear decrease in the unit cell volume with an increase in Tm3+ concentrations in MVO4 (M=Gd, Y; Tm3+=0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 at%), indicative of quantitative substitution of Gd3+/Y3+ lattice sites by Tm3+ ions in MVO4. Blue light emission at 475 nm is observed after excitation at 310 nm due to energy transfer from VO43− absorption band to Tm3+. Emission intensity and average decay lifetime increase with an increase in heat treatment from 500 to 900 °C. This has been attributed to an extent of reduction in non-radiative process arising from surface. The emission intensity of Tm3+ in GdVO4 host is higher than that in YVO4 and thus the former host is better. Quantum yield increases with increase in heat-treatment temperature. This material will be the alternative blue light emitter. 相似文献
102.
Engineering nanostructures in metallic materials such as nanograins and nanotwins can promote plastic performance significantly. Nano/ultrafine-grained metals embedded in coarse grains called bimodal metals and nanotwinned polycrystalline metals have been proved to possess extensively improved yield strength whilst keeping good ductility. This paper will present an experimental study on nanostructured stainless steel prepared by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) with surface impacts of lower strain rate (10 s?1–103 s?1) and higher strain rate (104 s?1–105 s?1). Microstructure transition has been observed from the original γ-austenite coarse grains to α′-martensite nanograins with bimodal grain size distribution for lower strain rates to nanotwins in the ultrafine/coarse grained austenite phase for higher strain rates. Meanwhile, we will further address the mechanism-based plastic models to describe the yield strength, strain hardening and ductility in nanostructured metals with bimodal grain size distribution and nanotwinned polycrystalline metals. The proposed theoretical models can comprehensively describe the plastic deformation in these two kinds of nanostructured metals and excellent agreement is achieved between the numerical and experimental results. These models can be utilized to optimize the strength and ductility in nanostructured metals by controlling the size and distribution of nanostructures. 相似文献
103.
Joana Lia Ferreira Maria João Melo Ana Maria Ramos 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(4):453-461
The photochemistry of poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, homopolymer, of PVAc mixtures with selected pigments and fillers, and of accurate historic reproductions based on the colours prepared by Portuguese artist Joaquim Rodrigo and on those supplied by the company A Favrel was studied. The systems, applied as films, were irradiated at λ ≥ 300 nm and the changes followed by size exclusion chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and colorimetry.PVAc as homopolymer or as an emulsion paint proved to be very stable to light, and after 5000 h of irradiation no gel fraction was observed. ΦR (λirr = 313 nm) for chain scission for PVAc was determined to be 7 × 10−8. This value indicates that the mechanism/s operating when irradiating at λ ≥ 300 nm are different from those previously published with irradiation involving 254 nm. No side-group scission was observed, and main chain scission is the foremost photodegradation mechanism. Also, the metal ions present in the pigments do not affect the photochemical stability of the polymer. 相似文献
104.
The residue Coulomb interaction (RCI), which affects the result of symmetry-energy coefficient of neutron-rich nucleus in isobaric yield ratio (IYR) method, is difficult to be determined. Four RCI approximations are investigated: (i) The M1-RCI adopting the ac/T (the ratio of Coulomb energy coefficient to temperature) determined from the IYR of mirror-nucleus fragments; (ii) The M2-RCI by fitting the difference between IYRs; (iii) The M3-RCI adopting the standard Coulomb energy at a temperature T=2 MeV; and (iv) Neglecting the RCI among isobars. The M1-, M2- and M3-RCI are no larger than 0.4. In particular, the M2-RCI is very close to zero. The effects of RCI in asym/T of fragment are also studied. The M1- and M4-asym/T are found to be the lower and upper limitations of asym/T, respectively. The M2-asym/T overlaps the M4-asym/T, which indicates that the M2-RCI is negligible in the IYR method, and the RCI among the three isobars can be neglected. The relative consistent low values of M3-asym/T (7.5±2.5) are found in very neutron-rich isobars. 相似文献
105.
The oil yield of oil shale was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometry coupled with ultrasound-assisted extraction. The extraction conditions, including the amount of sample, extraction time and extraction temperature, were examined and optimized. Twenty-four oil shale samples were collected and divided into calibration set and prediction set randomly with a ratio of 2:1. The oil yields of all the samples were determined by the routine method(low-temperature retorting) for reference. The linear regression(LR) equations of oil yield vs. the total area of the spectrum peaks in a wavenumber range of 3100-2800 cm-1 as well as the sum of absorbance of three absorption peaks(2855, 2927 and 2955 cm-1), and the multiple linear regression(MLR) model of oil yield vs. the absorbances of the three absorption peaks were constructed with the samples in calibration set and applied to the evaluation of the oil yields of the samples in prediction set, respectively. The results show that the MLR model provides more accurate predictions than the other LR two equations. The determination coefficient(Rp2), the root-mean-square error of prediction(RMSEP) and the residual prediction deviation(RPD) of the MLR model are 0.9616, 0.6458 and 3.6, respectively. The present method is a rapid and effective alternative to the routine low-temperature retorting method. 相似文献
106.
107.
采用两相法合成了CdSe/CdS核-壳结构的量子点, 用氨水催化水解正硅酸乙酯制得复合结构的CdSe/CdS/SiO2发光纳米球. 通过对量子点用量、氨水用量、反应时间及溶剂比例等实验条件的调节, 得到了单分散性较好, 尺寸在23~145 nm的复合发光纳米球. 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱对其发光性能进行了研究, 同时利用透射电镜(TEM)观察复合纳米球的形貌. 结果表明, 复合发光纳米球样品的最高荧光量子产率可达8%. 相似文献
108.
109.
在少量水的存在下,由于NH4[CuCl3]对水不稳定,CuCl2·2H2O与氯化铵的配位化学反应只能得到1∶2产物(NH4)2[CuCl4(H2O)2];但在无水乙醇中,无水CuCl2与氯化铵按1∶1或1∶2的物质的量之比混合时,能相应地得到NH4[CuCl3]或(NH4)2[CuCl4]。CuCl2·2H2O与2,2''-联吡啶(bipy)的少溶剂固态化学反应仍能像固态化学反应一样,根据反应物的配比生成相应的唯一产物,但在物质的量之比为1∶1的反应中发现1∶2产物曾经形成。热力学分析说明,如果连串反应的后一步的ΔrG⊖大于前一步的,则上述反应现象是可能的。 相似文献
110.
在修改的Fisher模型框架下, 利用同质异位素产额比和结合能方程中对称能系数与温度比率的关联, 可以提取对称能系数与温度的比值。 利用3种不同的近似方法得到了重离子核反应产生丰中子余核的对称能系数与温度比(asym/T),并研究了相关物理量对asym/T的影响。结果表明, 库仑能对提取丰中子余核的asym/T影响较小,且参考核的选取对asym/T的提取也有一定的影响。 In the framework of the modified Fisher model, correlations between the symmetry energy coefficient in semi classical mass formula to temperature (asym/T) and the isobaric yield ratio in Heavy ion collisions are established. asym/Tof neutron rich fragments are extracted using these correlations. It is found that the Coulomb energy term has little effect on asym/T of fragments, while the reference isobars adopted have great influence on the extracted a sym/T of fragments. 相似文献