Transition theories of elastic-plastic deformation of metallic polycrystals

Summary A general approach to the problem of determination of elastoplastic behavior of metallic polycrystals at finite deformation is presented. The relation between moving dislocation density and global slip rate for grains is developed. Transition to grain response is obtained by introducing the hardening matrix. Field equations for heterogeneous elastoplastic metals are transformed into an integral equation, using Green functions technique. This allows to find the spin of the lattice related to texture formation.Scale transition is achieved by a self-consistent approximation of the integral equation. New results concerning BCC metals (sheet steel) are presented. They apply to tensile test, Lankford coefficient, initial and subsequent yield surfaces, and evolution of the internal state of the polycrystal: second-order residual stress, stored energy and texture evolution.     

体积分数对基于沸石和硅油的悬浮液的电流变性能的影响

用 HAAKE RV2 0型流变仪 ,在不同外加电场强度和不同颗粒体积分数下测试了基于沸石和硅油的电流变液的剪切应力变化 .结果表明 :随着外加电场强度升高 ,电流变液的零电场粘度急剧增加 ,电流变液的剪切屈服应力增加 ;随着电流变液中沸石颗粒体积分数升高 ,电流变液的剪切屈服强度急剧上升 .这种变化可以用颗粒间作用力与颗粒间距的关系、单位面积的颗粒链数目变化以及多体作用对电流变液性能的影响来解释     

部分均匀荷载作用下圆板塑性极限统一解

本文采用俞茂宏双剪统一屈服准则求解部分均匀荷载下简支圆板的塑性极限，已有的最大主应力准则、Ｔｒｅｓｃａ准则，Ｍｉｓｅｓ准则的解答均是该解答的特例或线性逼近。该解答可以适合于多种工程材料，具有普遍性和适用性，从得出的解析解和图示中可得出一些新的有益的认识     

润滑剂边界滑移及其对弹流润滑特性的影响

基于润滑剂在弹性流体动力润滑状态下表现出类似塑件固体的非牛顿特性，根据塑性屈服和流体动力润滑理论，建立了考虑润滑剂在固液界面滑移的线接触弹流润滑失效预测模型。计算结果显示：载荷和滑滚比对润滑油膜厚度影响显著；在一定载荷和滑滚比下，润滑油膜将丧失承载能力而破裂。与现有理论及实验数据对比，线接触弹流润滑失效预测模型的计算结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

TNT炸药动静态变温三轴压缩力学性能的试验研究

介绍了一种高能材料动静态变温三轴压缩试验装置，在熔点以下温度，通过对国产单质炸药ＴＮＴ在中等应变速率（２－４／ｓ）及准静态（３×１０－３／ｓ）条件下三轴压缩力学性能的测试，得出ＴＮＴ的杨氏模量Ｅ、泊松比ν和屈服极限Ｙ，以及当加载速率和温度改变时这些参数的变化规律。并提出三轴应力状态下屈服极限的一种确定方法。该三轴压缩试验装置以及三轴压缩应力状态下力学参数的测试、分析、处理系统为研究高能材料力学性能提供了一套完整的技术和手段。     

The rheology of suspensions of vinylon fibers in polymer liquids. II. Suspensions in polymer solutions

Summary The rheological properties of vinylon fiber suspensions in polymer solutions were studied in steady shear flow. Shear viscosity, first normal-stress difference, yield stress, relative viscosity, and other properties were discussed. Three kinds of flexible vinylon fibers of uniform length and three kinds of polymer solutions as mediums which exhibited remarkable non-Newtonian behaviors were employed. The shear viscosity and relative viscosity ( _r ) increased with the fiber content and the aspect ratio, and depended upon the shear rate. Shear rate dependence of _r was found only in the low shear rate region. This result was different from that of vinylon fiber suspensions in Newtonian fluids. The first normal-stress difference increased at first slightly with increasing fiber content but rather decreased and showed lower values for high content suspensions than that of the medium. A yield stress could be determined by using a modified equation of Casson type. The flow properties of the fiber suspensions depended on the viscosity of the medium in the suspensions under consideration.With 16 figures and 1 table     

Beitrag zur Prüfung metallischer Werkstoffe im Torsionsversuch

Zusammenfassung Der Torsionsversuch eignet sich zur Untersuchung des plastischen Verhaltens von Metallen bei erhöhten Temperaturen, wenn die Fließspannung stark von der Umformgeschwindigkeit abhängt. Aus der gemessenen Drehmoment-Drehwinkel-Kurve wird die Fließkurvek _f () berechnet. Hierfür wird ein Fließkriterium benötigt, dessen Unsicherheit im allgemeinen größer ist als alle Meßfehler. Diese Unsicherheit geht aber nicht in die berechnete Dehngeschwindigkeitsempfindlichkeit ein, die somit als Hauptergebnis des Versuches anzusehen ist.Um die Bedingungen technischer Warmumformung zu simulieren, wird die Verwendung extrem kurzer Proben (flacher Scheiben) empfohlen, womit sehr hohe Umformgeschwindigkeiten erreicht werden können. Für die Auswertung derartiger Versuche ist die wirksame Länge der kurzen Proben — experimentell oder semiempirisch — zu bestimmen und die Kerbwirkung zu berücksichtigen. Im Gegensatz zur herkömmlichen Vorgehensweise wird empfohlen, die örtliche Spannung und Verzerrung nicht für die Mantelfläche der Probe zu berechnen, sondern für einen kritischen Radialabstand im Innern der Probe, für den die Schiebung von der Kerbwirkung unabhängig ist, so daß sich die zuverlässigsten Werte ergeben.

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Summary The torsion test is often used for studying the plastic deformation of metals at elevated temperatures when stress depends strongly on the strain rate. From the measured torque-twisting angle curve, the stress-strain curvek _f () has to be calculated. For this purpose a yield criterion has to be used the uncertaintly of which normally exceeds all experimental errors. This uncertaintly, however, does not propagate into the calculated strain rate sensitivity which therefore may be considered as the main result of the torsion test.For simulating the conditions of technical hot forming processes, the use of extremely short test pieces (flat discs) by which very high strain rates can be obtained is recommended. For evaluating the test data the efficient lenght of short specimens has to be determined. In opposition to the conventional procedure of test evaluation, it is recommended not to calculate stress and strain for the surface of the specimen but for a critical radius for which strain is independent of the notch effect so that the most reliable values are obtained.

Mit 5 Abbildungen     

浓悬浮体的屈服应力和最大填充率

对剪切稀化的浓悬浮体，假设在剪切状态下结构参数变化的速率服从一级动力学关系，在此基础上导出浓悬浮体最大填充率与剪应力、屈服应力与填充率之间关系的数学模型．用硅粉－甘油水溶液及可可粉－可可脂两种悬浮体的实验确认了模型对工业微米级颗粒悬浮体的适用性     

Upper bound limit analysis of active earth pressure with different fracture surface and nonlinear yield criterion

Conventional calculations of static and seismic active earth pressures of soils on a retaining wall are formulated assuming the soils obeying a linear Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. However, experimental evidences show that the strength envelopes of almost all geomaterials are nonlinear in nature over a wide range of normal stresses. In this paper, the strength envelope of the backfill behind a retaining wall is considered to follow a nonlinear yield criterion. A simple method is proposed for calculating the static and seismic active earth pressures acting against a retaining wall using a nonlinear yield criterion. This method is based on the upper bound theorem of limit analysis. Both translational and rotational fracture surfaces are employed in the formulation for calculating active earth pressures. Quasi-static representation of earthquake effects using a seismic coefficient concept is adopted for seismic active earth pressure calculations. Instead of using directly the actual nonlinear yield criterion, a linear Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion, which is tangential to the nonlinear yield criterion, is used to formulate the active earth pressure problem as a classical nonlinear programming problem. A nonlinear sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used to search for the maximum solution. In order to assess the validity of the proposed method, values of active earth pressures for different values of seismic coefficients and nonlinear parameters in the yield criterion are calculated and compared with solutions obtained using an extended Rankine’s active earth pressure theory. For the case of static active earth pressure, the upper bound solutions using the present method with a translational fracture surface are equal to the extended Rankine’s theoretical solutions and are slightly smaller than those obtained using the present method with a rotational fracture surface. For the case of seismic active earth pressure, numerical results obtained using the present method with a rotational fracture surface is very close to the extended Rankine’s theoretical solutions. A study is conducted to investigate the effects of the parameters in the nonlinear yield criterion on the active earth pressures.     

基于微面有效应力矢量的各向异性屈服准则

基于微面模型，定义损伤变量为微面上有效承载面积的减少. 将Kachanov的一维有效 应力概念推广到三维，提出微面有效应力矢量的概念. 根据微面的有效应力矢量，将无损材 料的宏观应力张量及不变量与微面应力矢量的积分关系拓展到有损材料，得到了有损材料的 宏观有效应力张量及其不变量与宏观名义应力张量、微面面积损伤组构张量之间的关系. 将 无损材料的以应力张量不变量表示的Drucker-Prager准则推广到有损材料，建立了含缺陷 材料的各向异性屈服准则. 对有损材料，宏观有效应力张量与Murakami的有效应力张量具 有相同的形式，各向异性强度准则与Liu等提出的扩展Hill准则有相同的形式，当不考虑 静水应力对屈服的影响时，它与Hill准则具有相同的形式.