Nonlinear One-Dimensional Seismodynamic Model of a Solid with Shock Absorbing Supports

A generalized method for constructing a nonlinear one-dimensional mathematical model of a solid on massive shock-absorbing supports of five different types is justified. The periods of small oscillations of the solid about the equilibrium position are determined. The equations of motion of the solid-support system with broken frictional bond are set up__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 135–144, March 2005.     

控制两相邻结构地震动响应的Maxwell模型流体阻尼器优化参数研究

运用被动连接单元减小相邻结构的振动被证明是一种行之有效的手段。将两相邻结构简化为两单自由度体系,用Maxwell模型模拟连接两相邻结构的流体阻尼器,分别导出了在地面白噪声激励下主结构平均振动能量最小或两相邻结构总平均振动能量最小这两个控制目标下流体阻尼器优化参数的一般表达式,该优化参数仅与两相邻结构的相对自振频率和相对质量有关,也讨论了两相邻结构的相对自振频率和相对质量对控制效果的影响。最后,运用具有不同相对参数的三类相邻结构在El Centro 1940 NS地震波作用下时域响应的数值结果说明了这种被动优化流体阻尼器能够非常有效地减小在地震作用下两相邻结构的振动响应。     

Modelling and identifying the parameters of a magneto-rheological damper with a force-lag phenomenon

In this study a model based on the Bouc–Wen–Baber–Noori (BWBN) method was proposed to describe the distorted hysteretic behaviour of a self-constructed magneto-rheological (MR) damper whose mechanical performance was measured with an Instron test machine. The experimental results indicated that the MR damper exhibited a force-lag phenomenon. The parameters of the modified BWBN model were identified with the MATLAB SIMULINK Design and Optimisation toolbox. A comparison between the experimental results and modelling predictions revealed that the proposed model could well present the force-lag phenomenon.     

Improved suboptimal Bang–Bang control of aseismic buildings with variable friction dampers

One of the challenges in civil engineering is to find an innovative means of suppressing the structural vibration due to earthquake and wind loadings. This paper presents an approach for effectively suppressing vibrations of a structure with variable friction damper using a new Bang–Bang control input. A continuous function of story velocities is used to represent the improved control to reduce chatter, high frequency switching and avoid instability. With a genetic algorithm, the amplitudes of control and preloading friction forces individually prescribed in the controller and damper are optimized for enhancing the seismic performance of buildings. The control strategy for the friction damper is proposed for a three story building with one variable friction damper installed at the first story for seismic reduction. The numerical results indicate that a better reduction of peak response accelerations of floors can be achieved than those of the unmodified controller, and the adaptability of the control system is also improved greatly by comparison with the reduction ratios of the structural response energy excited by different earthquake intensities. The project supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (50025823). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

On the hysteresis of wire cables in Stockbridge dampers

Stockbridge dampers are used e.g. for reducing wind-excited oscillations due to vortex shedding in conductors of overhead lines. In these dampers, mechanical energy is dissipated in wire cables (“damper cables”). The damping mechanism is due to statical hysteresis resulting from Coulomb (dry) friction between the individual wires of the cable undergoing bending deformation. Systems with statical hysteresis can be modelled by means of Jenkin elements arranged in parallel, consisting of linear springs and Coulomb friction elements. The damper cable is a continuous system and damping takes place throughout the whole length of the cable, so that distributed Jenkin elements are used. The local mechanical properties of the wire cable are identified experimentally in the time domain. In particular, the moment–curvature relation is determined experimentally at every location of the wire cable subjected to dynamic flexural deformations. Using such a model for the damper cables, the equations of motion can be formulated for a Stockbridge damper, and discretization of the damper cable leads to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. In order to test this dynamical model of a Stockbridge damper we compute impedance curves and compare them to experimental results.     

任意荷载作用下液体粘滞阻尼器在桥梁工程中减震作用探讨

在桥梁工程中，当需要限制梁端的碰撞或过大的相对位移，经常会在梁端设置液体粘滞阻尼器。由于技术原因，液体粘滞阻尼器在桥梁设计中的参数选取基本上是通过全桥模型的地震非线性时程分析得到的。而在寿命期内，桥梁需要承受各种随机荷载，在具有不同力学特性荷载的激励作用下引起梁端纵向大的响应时，液体粘滞阻尼器是否始终起有利的减震作用，一直困扰着其在桥梁工程中的实践。在液体粘滞阻尼器力学特性研究的基础上，通过矩阵变换得到关于阻尼器的局部动力方程，从变形和受力两个方向对此问题进行探讨，得到液体粘滞阻尼器对于梁端的相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度均有减震作用。但不会得出始终对所有构件的受力有利的结论，并进行了验证。     

MR减振驱动器用于结构振动控制的算法研究

提出了四种半主动控制算法 ;针对安装有MR减振驱动器的三层剪切型结构仿真分析了各种半主动控制算法和被动控制策略的控制效果。仿真分析结果表明 ,MR减振驱动器作为一种半主动控制装置可以有效地控制结构的反应 ;施加最大磁场作为被动控制装置时 ,也对结构反应有很好的控制效果     

NEURAL NETWORK MODEL OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER FOR VIBRATION ISOLATION PLATFORM OF WHOLE-SPACECRAFT

为改善星箭界面振动环境,设计六杆隔振平台,采用磁流变阻尼器作为半主动控制元件,替代原有锥壳过渡支架.对整星隔振平台用磁流变阻尼器进行性能测试,得到反映磁流变阻尼器阻尼特性的实验数据.建立具有两个隐含层的反向传播神经网络对阻尼器进行建模,用于预测磁流变阻尼器阻尼特性以及控制系统设计.提出一种串行算法优化网络结构、权值和阈值,保证网络具有较好的泛化能力和稳定性.仿真结果表明,与参数化模型相比,提出的神经网络模型具有较小的训练误差和较强的泛化能力,能够很好地预测阻尼器的阻尼特性.     

粘滞阻尼器减震结构非线性随机振动的时域显式降维迭代随机模拟法

粘滞阻尼器在大型复杂结构减震设计中应用广泛。由于粘滞阻尼器的非线性阻尼力特性,粘滞阻尼器减震结构非平稳随机地震反应分析是一个典型的局部非线性随机振动问题。利用减震结构动力响应时域显式表达式的降维列式优势,仅针对与粘滞阻尼器相关的局部自由度进行非线性迭代计算,提出了局部非线性随机振动问题的时域显式降维迭代随机模拟法,为设置粘滞阻尼器的大型复杂减震结构非线性地震反应分析提供一种高效的随机振动方法。以安装了四个纵桥向粘滞阻尼器的某主跨1200m悬索桥为工程实例,开展E2水准地震激励下的非线性随机振动分析。计算结果显示,设置阻尼器后,主梁的纵桥向位移得到明显控制,降幅达到80%,大桥的关键截面内力也有5%左右的降幅。     

四种不同约束形式隔板式铅耗能器的试验研究

铅耗能器主要利用金属铅塑性耗能,是一种构造简单、耗能性能优良而又经济的耗能减震元件。本文提出了一种隔板式铅耗能器。根据其构造和耗能原理,设计了四种不同约束形式的耗能元件,并通过EHF-EM电液伺服疲劳试验机进行了低周循环试验,分析了这四种约束形式对隔板式铅耗能器的力学性能与耗能性能的影响,揭示了其耗能机制。研究结果表明:隔板式铅耗能器主要具有屈服位移小、造价低廉、构造简单、工作性能稳定、耗能性能优良的特点,在建筑结构和大型机械减振控制方面具有广泛的应用前景;对比分析表明,其中B型耗能器力学性能尤为优越,耗能能力大且随位移增大刚度增强,同时对结构振动还具有限位功能。