由沈北-大庆减压渣油制备微晶蜡及其表征

为探讨从沈北-大庆减压渣油生产高熔点微晶蜡的可能性,对其进行了丙烷、异丁烷溶剂脱沥青,以脱沥青油为原料,通过溶剂精制、溶剂脱蜡脱油制得微晶蜡。采用气相色谱、凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱等分析手段,对微晶蜡的碳数分布、分子量分布及分子结构进行了表征。所得微晶蜡的滴熔点满足80号-85号微晶蜡要求,微晶蜡潜质量分数约为10%;轻脱沥青油所得微晶蜡的碳数分布在23-68;微晶蜡的数均分子量为1200-1600,氢碳原子比在1.95-1.98变化;微晶蜡的主要组成是含长碳链的饱和烷烃,异构烷烃约占70%,含少量环烷环结构,不含芳香环。微晶蜡的平均分子结构可看作是带不同长度与个数的长侧链的含1个或2个环的环烷烃。     

球磨方式对锂离子正极材料LiFePO4性能的影响

采用高温固相合成法制备橄榄石型的LiFePO₄正极材料，在合成过程中分别采用湿法球磨和干法球磨两种球磨方式。用X-射线衍射，扫描电镜，激光粒度测试等对合成材料进行表征，并对以LiFePO₄为正极的电池进行电化学性能测试。结果表明，相对于干法球磨，湿法球磨制备的LiFePO₄样品具有更好的电化学性能，0.2C放电的首次放电比容量为134.9 mAh·g^-1，并有优良的大电流放电性能及循环性能。这主要是因为采用湿法球磨制备的LiFePO₄材料物相较纯、粒径均匀，与导电添加剂的接触更加紧密，从而提高了LiFePO₄材料电化学性能。     

镧系离子核磁共振探针法在分子构象研究中的应用:三种核苷酸分子在不溶液中的构象分析

本文应用镧系离子作为核磁共振探针的方法, 研究了5'CMP,5-AMP以及5-IMP三种核苷酸在酸性水溶液中的构象分布, 将实验测得的'HNMR谱的镧系诱导假接触位移, 纵向弛豫速率增强以及邻位自旋耦合常数等数据用计算机进行分析处理, 结果表明, 核苷酸分子在水溶液中的构象以一组构象异构体平衡共存, 与晶态相比,分子中绕单键旋转的二面角以及戊糖环的折叠形式均有一定的变化但, 碱基仍以稳定的反式存在。     

氧气氧化法制备三氯氧磷的清洁生产工艺

从"提高分散度、增强换热能力和根治泄漏"入手,对氧化法制三氯氧磷的现存工艺进行了有效改造 新工艺生产过程中无三废排放,原材料利用率接近100%     

Ab initio Study of He Stability in hcp-Ti

Tile stability of He in hep-Ti is studied using the a5 initio method based on the density functional theory. The results indicate that a single He atom prefers to occupy the tetrahedral site rather than the octahedral site. The interaction of He defects with Ti atoms is employed to explain the relative stabilities of He point defects in hcp-Ti. The relative stability of He defects in hcp-Ti is useful for He clustering and bubble nucleation in metal tritides, which provides the basis for development of improved atomistic models.     

General formula for phonon-assisted n-photon absorption in solids

A general formula for phonon-assisted n-photon absorption in solids is obtained by (n+1)-th order perturbation technique. The complicated calculation process for transition element of n-photon absorption is simply demonstrated by a diagram approach that is proposed in this work. We find that the transition element for the n-photon absorption has a simple form, i.e., it is just the first term of the n-th order fist kind Bessel function.     

Structural,electronic and magnetic properties of the Mn-Ni(110) c(2×2) surface alloy

<正>Using first-principles total energy method,we study the structural,the electronic and the magnetic properties of the MnNi(110) c(2×2) surface alloy.Paramagnetic,ferromagnetic,and antiferromagnetic surfaces in the top layer and the second layer are considered.It turns out that the substitutional alloy in the outermost layer with ferromagnetic surface is the most stable in all cases.The buckling of the Mn-Ni(110) c(2×2) surface alloy in the top layer is as large as 0.26 A(1 A=0.1 nm) and the weak rippling is 0.038 A in the third layer,in excellent agreement with experimental results.It is proved that the magnetism of Mn can stabilize this surface alloy.Electronic structures show a large magnetic splitting for the Mn atom,which is slightly higher than that of Mn-Ni(100) c(2×2) surface alloy(3.41 eV) due to the higher magnetic moment.A large magnetic moment for the Mn atom is predicted to be 3.81μB.We suggest the ferromagnetic order of the Mn moments and the ferromagnetic coupling to the Ni substrate,which confirms the experimental results.The magnetism of Mn is identified as the driving force of the large buckling and the work-function change.The comparison with the other magnetic surface alloys is also presented and some trends are predicted.     

高功率微波输出窗内侧击穿动力学的PIC/MCC模拟研究

高功率微波在受控热核聚变加热、微波高梯度加速器、高功率雷达、定向能武器、超级干扰机及冲击雷达等方面有着重要的应用.本文针对高功率微波输出窗内侧氩气放电击穿过程,建立了二次电子倍增和气体电离的一维空间分布、三维速度分布（1D3V）模型,并开发了相应的PIC/MC程序代码.研究了气压、微波频率、微波振幅对放电击穿的影响.结果表明：在真空情况下,介质窗放电击穿只存在二次电子倍增过程;在低气压和稍高气压时,二次电子倍增和气体电离共存;在极高气压时,气体电离占主导.给出了不同气压下电子、离子的密度和静电场的空间分布.此外还观察到,在500 mTorr时,随着微波振幅或微波频率的变化,气体电离出现的时刻和电离产生的等离子体峰值位置有较大差异,尤其是当微波频率（GHz）在数值上是微波振幅（MV/m）的2倍时,气体电离出现的较早.     

水云增长过程中的云滴谱及散射特性分析

基于大气物理学研究了水云云滴增长过程中的粒谱及散射特性.研究结果表明,凝结增长使粒谱半高宽和有效半径不断增加,碰并增长使粒谱出现多峰分布,有效半径增加.在凝结增长和碰并增长共同作用下,有效半径的平均增长速率为8 nm/s.凝结增长和碰并增长单独作用下,消光系数和散射系数随时间呈线性变化.在二者共同作用下,除3.2 mm波长外,消光系数和散射系数随时间呈指数增长;1.064, 2.2, 3.7, 12和22μm波长的不对称因子逐渐趋于稳定,200μm的不对称因子呈指数增长,3.2 mm的不对称因子基本保持不变;1.064和2.2μm波长的雷达比在20 sr附近波动,3.7μm波长的雷达比呈大幅振荡.云滴增长过程中,水云在1.064, 2.2和3.7μm波长的单次散射反照率逐渐降低,在12μm, 22μm, 200μm和3.2 mm波长的单次散射反照率逐渐增加,波长指数的绝对值逐渐减小.研究结果可为天气预报、地气辐射平衡研究和遥感数据校正提供重要的参考.     

Entanglement distribution using three-mode separable state with imperfect equipments

We show a scheme to distribute the entanglement by using three-mode separable Gaussian state prepared with imperfect equipments.The scheme achieves the aim that the entanglement is distributed between two distant parties with only Gaussian operations and linear optics elements.Moreover,we analyse the logarithmic negativity of the entanglement shared between the two parties when the systems are imperfect and arrive at the conclusion that the logarithmic negativity is asymptotically stable with fluctuations within a certain space range.