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Optical parameters of Nd3+:Er3+:yb3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses and their energy transfers at high temperature 下载免费PDF全文
This paper reports that a series of Nd3+:Er3+:Yb3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses have been prepared and their absorption spectra measured. The J--O intensity parameters Ωk (k=2, 4, 6), spontaneous radiative lifetime τrad, spontaneous transition probability A, fluorescence branching ratio β and oscillator strength fed of the Nd3+ ions at room temperature are calculated based on Judd--Ofelt (J--O) theory. The temperature dependence of the up-conversion photoluminescence characteristics in a Nd3+:Er3+:Yb3+ co-doped sample is studied under a 978 nm semiconductor laser excitation, and the energy transfer mechanisms among Yb3+, Er3+ and Nd3+ ions are analysed. The results show that the J--O intensity parameters Ω2 increase when the Nd3+ concentration of the Nd3+:Er3+:Yb3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses increases. The possibility of spontaneous transition is small and lifetimes are long at levels of 4F5/2 and 4F3/2. The intensity of Nd3+ emissions at 595, 691, 753, 813 and 887 nm are markedly enhanced when the sample temperature exceeds 400 K. The reasons being the cooperation of the secondary sensitization from Er3+ to Nd3+ and the contribution of a multi-phonon. 相似文献
63.
Acetamide(C2), propionamide(C3), butyramide(C4), isobutyramide(i-C4), isovaleramide(i-C5) and trimethylacetamide(t-C5) groups each were introduced to the terminals of hyperbranched polyethylenimine(HPEI) through the amidation reaction between HPEI and the corresponding anhydride. Moreover, HPEIs terminated with two kinds of amides were also prepared. The first amide was fixed to be i-C4 with 52% degree of amidation(DA), and the second amide varied from C2, C3, C4, i-C5 to t-C5. All the polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR. Turbidimetry measurements were performed for these polymers in water at different temperatures. With respect to the polymers bearing only one kind of amide group, except C2, all the other amide groups could render thermoresponsive properties to HPEI. The specific ordering of these amide groups to reduce the cloud point temperature(Tcp) was as follows: i-C5 t-C5 C4 i-C4 C3. Moreover, the more branched i-C4 and t-C5 were better groups than their less branched isomers C4 and i-C5 in the Tcp range of 12-51 °C to render the sharper phase transition to the thermoresponsive polymers. As for the polymers bearing two kinds of amide groups, the further introduction of C2, C3, C4, i-C5 or t-C5 could effectively endow HPEI bearing 52% of i-C4 with thermoresponsive properties. The specific ordering of these second amide groups to reduce the Tcp was as follows: i-C5 C4 i-C4 C3 C2. C4, i-C5 and t-C5 were all effective second amide groups to prepare the thermoresponsive polymers with sharper phase transition. 相似文献
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Corrections to atomic ground state energy due to interaction between atomic electric quadrupole and optical field 下载免费PDF全文
We study the ground state energy of an atom interacting with an oscillating optical field with electric dipole and quadrupole coupling.Under the rotating wave approximation,we derive the effective atomic Hamiltonians of the dipole/quadrupole coupling term within the perturbation theory up to the second order.Based on the effective Hamiltonians,we analyze the atomic ground-state energy corrections of these two processes in detail.As an application,we find that for alkali-like atoms,the energy correction from the quadrupole coupling is negligible small in comparison with that from the dipole coupling,which justifies the so-called dipole approximation used in literatures.Some special cases where the quadrupole interaction may have considerable energy corrections are also discussed.Our results would be beneficial for the study of atom–light interaction beyond dipole approximation. 相似文献
68.
杂多酯引发四氢呋喃开环聚合反应Ⅶ.以氧杂环丁烷为促进剂 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在以低浓度杂多酸(HPA)催化四氢呋喃(THF)聚合反应中,我们曾采用环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)和环氧氯丙烷(ECH)等三元环醚为促进剂,发现它们对聚合反应都具有很好的促进效果[1~3].本文进一步研究了具有四元环醚结构的氧杂环丁烷(OX)对THF聚合的促进效果.OX用作促进剂有以下优点,由OX促进THF聚合所得聚醚的端羟基为伯羟基,作为生产嵌段聚醚氨酯或嵌段聚酯弹性体的原料具有与四氢呋喃均聚醚相似的高反应活性;与EO相比,后者虽然促进THF聚合所得聚醚的端羟基也为伯羟基,但其沸点过低,不利于操作和贮存.1 原料及… 相似文献
69.
作为现代农业的重要工具,农药凭借其高效的灭病虫害能力在农业生产中应用广泛,然而其灭杀虫害的同时对大气环境和人体健康等方面也会造成危害。使用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术对农药的气溶胶喷雾进行了在线探测,研究了使用LIBS技术对农药使用过程的实时监测。首先检测了清洁环境下的空气LIBS光谱,在空气的光谱中探测到大量的氮(N)、氧(O)原子发射谱,这个结果与空气成分是相吻合的;同时还观察到了氢(H)的两条巴尔默系原子谱线,这主要是来源于空气中的水蒸气。值得注意的是,在空气谱中还发现了两条氩(Ar)的原子谱线,这也表明LIBS技术在微量元素检测方面有着重大潜力。选用农药敌杀死作为研究对象,对其有效成分溴氰菊酯(C22H19Br2NO3,CAS: 52918-63-5)进行了LIBS检测。在溴氰菊酯的LIBS光谱中观察到了卤素元素溴(Br)的存在,标记出了两条Br的原子发射谱线(827.294和833.470 nm)。对农药样品进行探测时也发现了包括CN分子发射谱与C2分子发射谱等大量空气光谱中没有检测到的特征谱线;同时还检测到了空气谱中没有观测到的元素纳(Na)以及钙(Ca);尤其是Ca,农药中不仅仅检测出了Ca的存在,而且相比于溴氰菊酯光谱中Ca谱线的能量以及数量都有着非常明显的上升。最后,实验中对CN分子的温度进行了研究;拟合得到溴氰菊酯与农药的CN分子的振动温度分别为8 800和6 200 K,转动温度分别为8 600和5 500 K。以上结果表明了使用LIBS技术对农药的在线监测是可行的,是有发展前景的。 相似文献
70.
锂离子电池负极材料Cu2O的制备及电化学性能 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用多元醇法,以丙三醇、氢氧化钠、硫酸铜为原料,在油浴中共热制备Cu2O.通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)和电化学测试对材料进行了表征.结果表明,丙三醇能够将Cu^2+还原为Cu^+.并且,采用该方法制备出的Cu2O材料作为锂电池负极材料,具备较好的循环性能. 相似文献