乳状液的转相特性研究

本文总结了乳状液转相的基本理论和近年来的研究进展。影响乳液转相的因素主要有配方变量、组成变量和乳化方案,其中由配方变量引起的转相称为过渡转相,而由组成变量引起的转相称为突变转相。可以用综合变量（SAD或HLD）来描述不同配方变量对乳液物理化学配方的影响。通过绘制配方-组成关系图,可以通过图中的标准转相线或动态转相线来研究乳液的转相特性。与标准转相线相比较,乳液的动态转相线存在明显的滞后现象。乳液的突变动态转相有两种形式：从反常乳液到正常乳液的转相和从正常乳液到反常乳液的转相。Pickering乳液的转相不存在明显的滞后现象。目前,乳液转相技术已被广泛应用于纳米乳液和高内相黏度、高内相体积分数乳液的制备工艺中。此外,在原油/稠油的开采和输送工艺中,乳液转相技术也有着重要应用。     

通过快速定点突变表征人源含硒单链抗体酶的底物结合部位

为了对人源含硒单链抗体酶Se-scFv-B3的底物结合部位和催化基团进行研究, 在理论预测的基础上, 通过快速定点突变法分别在2个理论预测的底物结合部位(位点1和位点2)内选定Ala180和Ala44定点突变为丝氨酸(Ser). 2个突变体蛋白经化学修饰将Ser转变成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的催化基团硒代半胱氨酸(Sec)后, 前者的GPX活力达到了Se-scFv-B3的2倍多, 而后者的GPX活力没有明显提高, 这表明位点1可能是主要的底物结合部位, 与理论预测的结果一致.     

邻近爆破对矩形岩柱稳定性影响的突变理论分析

运用突变理论,建立了邻近爆破扰动诱发矩形岩柱失稳的非线性动力学模型,导出了岩柱发生动 力失稳的充分必要条件。根据建立的尖点突变模型,分析了竖向压力、爆破扰动强度及频率对矩形岩柱失稳 机理的影响。结果表明:(1)借助突变理论分析邻近爆破扰动诱发岩柱失稳机理是可行的;(2)邻近爆破扰动 强度越大,岩柱越容易发生失稳破坏;(3)竖向荷载越大,满足岩柱失稳条件所对应的爆破扰动强度越小,岩柱 发生失稳的可能性越大;(4)岩柱发生动力失稳破坏,爆破扰动频率必须满足一定条件。     

Lys121-Ile的定点突变对人尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂热稳定性的影响

为检验人尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂(UTI)两个结构域中的盐键的稳定性对UTI热变性可逆性的影响,将UTI中的Lys121突变成Ile以中断Glu69与Lys121之间形成的盐键,并命名为?UTI.然后对?UTI进行表达纯化和热解折叠实验.结果显示,?UTI在大肠杆菌中成功表达,纯化复性后经园二色谱测定三级结构与UTI基本相似,酶学测定表明恢复胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性.热变性实验表明:在pH低于7.4的缓冲溶液中?UTI的热解折叠是可逆的,与UTI的结果(pH<4.2)相比,pH值提高了3.结合以前对UTI在酸性条件下可逆热解折叠而在中性与碱性条件下不可逆热解折叠的机制的研究结果,认为多结构域蛋白解折叠的曲线除考虑各个结构域单独形成的多个S曲线的叠加外,还要考虑到结构域之间相互作用强度的影响.     

走滑式断层地震的折迭突变模型

利用过势函数微分形式的途径,计入远场外力功的影响,对走滑式断层地震机制进行分析．研究表明:突变理论中折迭突变模型展示的性状,与走滑式断层地震的主要特征之间一一对应．折迭突变可对包括震前、震后围岩-断层系统稳定性描述在内的断层失稳起、终点位置、断层失稳错距等作出描述．给出3种性状可相互印证的断层失稳围岩弹性能释放量图解．走滑式断层地震强度与围岩压力及围岩断层的刚度比等有关,围岩压力大、刚度比小、主切应力轴与发震断层面夹角大,则地震强度大．     

He-Ne激光选育高木质素降解率的白腐真菌Lx

用He-Ne激光对一株木质素降解活性较高的白腐真菌L₁进行选育.将该菌的菌丝体和原生质体多次照射诱变,结果得出:在波长632.5nm,用功率为6mW和7mW照射该菌的菌丝体,选育出的菌株L₆和L₇木质素降解率可达38.1%和39.88%,比出发菌株L₁提高了33%和39%.用功率9mW的He-Ne激光辐照原生质体,照射20min时,原生质体致死率已达100%.在照射时间为10min时,选育出一株木质素降解率达43.03%的菌株L_x,比出发菌株L₁提高了50%.同工酶分析显示该菌株发生了稳定的遗传突变.     

Research on the ultrafast fluorescence property of thylakoid membranes of the wild-type and mutant rice

A high yielding rice variety mutant (Oryza sativa L., Zhenhui 249) with low chlorophyll b (Chl b) has been discovered in natural fields. It has a quality character controlled by a pair of recessive genes (nuclear gene). The partial loss of Chl b in content affects the efficiency of light harvest in a light harvest complex (LHC), thus producing the difference of the exciting energy transfer and the efficiency of photochemistry conversion between the mutant and wild-type rice in photosynthetic unit. The efficiency of utilizing light energy is higher in the mutant than that in the wild-type rice relatively. For further discussion of the above-mentioned difference and learning about the mechanism of the increase in the photochemical efficiency of the mutant, the pico-second resolution fluorescence spectrum measurement with delay-frame-scanning single photon counting technique is adopted. Thylakoid membranes of the mutant and the wild-type rice are excited by an Ar^+ laser with a pulse width of 120 ps, repetition rate of 4 MHz and wavelength of 514 nm. Compared with the time and spectrum property of exciting fluorescence, conclusions of those ultrafast dynamic experiments are: 1) The speeds of the exciting energy transferred in photo-system I are faster than that in photo-system II in both samples. 2) The speeds of the exciting energy transfer of mutant sample are faster than those of the wild-type. This might be one of the major reasons why the efficiency of photosynthesis is higher in mutant than that in the wild-type rice.     

褶合光谱法作抗脱氧核糖核酸突变药物筛选的初步研究[ HS)

采用褶合光谱法考察紫外线致脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)突变,并以褶合光谱差谱值δ的形式量化地表达DNA细微突变的程度,其灵敏度远高于二阶导数光谱法.DNA中添加二甲亚砜后表现的褶合光谱差谱变化与高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱的结果一致.褶合光谱法分析过程简单快速,可以用于抗紫外线损伤、抗突变药物的初步筛选.     

离心场中纵向悬臂梁的大范围分岔分析

采用打靶法研究了离心场中纵向悬臂梁的大范围失稳与分岔问题。分析结果证实：随着参数a（离心臂长与梁长之比）的变化,梁平衡解可能发生三种分岔现象。文中给出了平衡解的分岔形态,并发现了梁分岔解的单向跳跃现象,即突变现象。     

Effect of the mutation of carotenoids on the dynamics of energy transfer in light-harvesting complexes （LH2） from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 601 at room temperature

Energy transfers in two kinds of peripheral light-harvesting complexes (LH2) of {Rhodobacter sphaeroides} (RS) 601 are studied by using femtosecond pump--probe spectroscopy with tunable laser wavelength at room temperature. These two complexes are native LH2 (RS601) and green carotenoid mutated LH2 (GM309). The obtained results demonstrate that, compared with spheroidenes with ten conjugated double bonds in native RS601, carotenoid in GM309 containing neurosporenes with nine conjugated double bonds can lead to a reduction in energy transfer rate in the B800-to-B850 band and the disturbance in the energy relaxation processes within the excitonic B850 band.