光学元件激光预处理技术

国外学者用1064 nm激光对pickoff镜进行预处理,发现损伤阈值平均提高38.8%。国内研究者用CO2激光中度抛光后,熔石英基片的损伤阈值提到了30%左右,激光波长、扫描方式等对处理效果影响也比较明显。介绍了三种公认的预处理机制,将离线与在线处理方式做了简单地比较,并对国内外激光预处理技术的发展和前景进行了展望。     

航天相机主动热控测试系统设计

为了检测航天相机主动热控系统的功能、性能及可靠性,设计了主动热控仿真测试系统。依据传热学基本定律、航天器轨道理论和热控策略,给出了计算航天相机温度场的热网络数学模型,使主动热控系统能在模拟的空间热环境中连续工作,实现了对主动热控系统的闭环仿真测试。采用两个数字电位器相串联的方法模拟温度传感器的走势,得到的最大阻值为100 kΩ,精度达到10Ω,符合设计中对总电阻和电阻变化率的需求,实现了对主动热控系统的功能、性能以及可靠性的仿真测试。     

平顶高斯光束经含失调圆孔光阑的失调光学系统的传输特性

为分析平顶高斯光束通过光学系统传输时圆孔光阑失调和光学元件失调对平顶高斯光束传输特性的影响,利用失调圆孔光阑的近似展开式和适用于失调光学系统的广义衍射公式,得出了平顶高斯光束经含失调圆孔光阑的失调光学系统传输的近似解析式,给出了输出光束场分布与光束参量、光阑孔径尺寸、光阑和光学元件失调量等的定量关系.针对特定光学系统定量分析了各失调量对输出光束场分布的影响,结果表明各元件失调都对输出光束强度分布产生较大影响.但在各失调量较小的情况下,透镜失调对输出光束传输特性的影响比光阑失调对输出光束传输特性的影响更明显.     

单畴外延铁电薄膜的相结构与稳定性

本文采用动态金茨堡-朗道（DGL）方程研究了薄膜厚度与错配应变对 取向单畴外延PbTiO3（PTO）铁电薄膜相结构与稳定性的影响。结合平面内松弛应变（等效应变）、表面效应与退极化场等机电耦合边界条件,通过数值求解DGL方程获得外延单畴铁电薄膜错配应变-厚度相图和错配应变-温度相图。数值分析结果显示,由于生成的界面位错松弛了薄膜内错配应变,在理论高应变区相图与传统分析结果有较大差别,文中发现在更广的理论错配拉应变区出现稳定的四方相（c相）结构和单斜相（r相）结构。结果也显示,随着薄膜厚度的减小,表面效应与退极化效应会把顺电相扩展到更低温度区域,从而压缩稳定的铁电相存在的温度区域。     

Effect of electromechanical boundary conditions on the properties of epitaxial ferroelectric thin films

The effects of internal stresses and depolarization fields on the properties of epitaxial ferroelectric perovskite thin films are discussed by employing the dynamic Ginzburg-Landau equation (DGLE). The numerical solution for BaTiO₃ film shows that internal stress and the depolarization field have the most effects on ferroelectric properties such as polarization, Curie temperature and susceptibility. With the increase of the thickness of the film, the polarization of epitaxial ferroelectric thin film is enhanced rapidly under high internal compressively stress. With the thickness exceeding the critical thickness for dislocation formation, the polarization increases slowly and even weakens due to relaxed internal stresses and a weak electrical boundary condition. This indicates that the effects of mechanical and electrical boundary conditions both diminish for ferroelectric thick films. Consequently, our thermodynamic method is a full scale model that can predict the properties of ferroelectric perovskite films in a wide range of film thickness.     

Effect of annealing on structural and optical properties of lead tungstate microcrystals

Shuttle-like lead tungstate (PbWO₄) microcrystals are synthesized at room temperature using the precipitation method with the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. Results from both the X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscopy show that the lattice distortions of the PbWO₄ microcrystals are reduced significantly when the annealing temperature is increased to 873 K. The result from the ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows that the exciton absorption appears in the sample annealed at 673 K. The self-trapped exciton luminescence due to the Jahn-Teller effect is also observed in the blue band. The interstitial oxygen ions in the WO₄^2- groups are mainly resposible for the enhancement effect of the green luminescence of the annealed samples. The above results are supported by the spectrum analysis of the as-grown and the post-annealed samples using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.     

One- and two-photon absorption-amplification response in a four-level atomic system with vacuum-induced coherence

This paper theoretically studies the effects of the vacuum-induced coherence on one- and two-photon absorption in a four-level atomic medium. It finds that the one- and two-photon absorption and amplification properties are quite sensitive to the vacuum-induced coherence. It is also shown that the one- and two-photon absorption spectra can be dramatically affected by modulating the relative phase of the applied fields. With the proper choice of the relative phase, the amplification without inversion for the probe field can be realized.     

含内裂纹的有限圆盘的平面问题

本文用弹性理论复变函数方法讨论了在内部任意位置含直线裂纹的有限圆盘在一般载荷作用下的平面问题,得到了复应力函数和应力强度因子用级数表示的一般表达式,并对此问题讨论了三种特殊情形,即裂纹受均布压应力,均布剪应力和圆盘匀速旋转的情形,其中还给出了计算应力强度因子的近似式.计算结果表明,对位于圆盘内部且不靠近外边界的中、小裂纹,这些近似式给出好的或较好的近似.     

在盐的水溶液中非电解质的活度系数的研究Ⅶ.无机盐对甲苯在水中溶度的影响

作者用分光光度计测定25℃下甲苯在十五种盐水溶液中的盐析常数k。所用的盐为:LiCl,NaCl,KCl,CsCl,NH₄Cl,NaF,NaBr,NaClO₃,NH₄Br,(CH₃)₄NBr,(C₂H₅)₄NBr,MgCl₂,CaCl₂,SrCl₂,BaCl₂₀在十五种盐中,只有两个溴化季铵盐对甲苯起盐溶作用,其余均起盐析作用。对于1-1价盐,k值的次序是NaF>NaCl>KCI>NaBr>NaClO₃>LiCl>NH₄Cl>CsCl>NH₄Br>(CH₃)₄NBr>(C₂H₅)₄NBr。这次序和一般非极性非电解质的盐析效应次序相同。定性地符合vanderWaals力理论,Dcbye-McAulay的静电理论以及McDevit和Long的内压力理论。对于2-1价盐,k值的次序是BaCl₂>SrCl₂>CaCl₂>MgCl₂₀即盐析效应随离子晶体半径的增加而上升。这次序和色散力理论的次序恰相反。但是,如果假设二价离子对水的静电作用能伸展到原水化层以外的水分子,并考虑水化离子和水的静电作用,以及它和甲苯的色散作用,以上四种盐的反常次序就得到解释。     

芳纶/环氧纤维复合材料超高速撞击特性研究

对芳纶/环氧复合材料的超高速撞击特性进行了实验研究,分析了芳纶/环氧复合材料撞击损伤区域的破坏形式和损伤特性,提出了以纱线断裂数目、穿孔体积等作为撞击吸能特性的表征参数,得到了芳纶/环氧纤维复合材料的超高速撞击防护性能和破坏规律,并讨论了撞击过程中的能量转换和传递过程。结果表明:随着厚度增加,芳纶/环氧复合材料超高速撞击防护性能也相应提高,但其防护效率却有所降低。当厚度较薄时,芳纶/环氧复合材料会被超高速弹丸直接贯穿;随着厚度增加,复合材料撞击损伤机理发生改变,复合材料发生层间开裂现象,并对弹丸产生分层破碎效应。