金属异头碳效应

异头碳效应是有机化学中经典立体电子效应的重要组成部分。异头碳效应可以解释吡喃糖中异头碳上电负性较大的取代基倾向于占据直立键,而非立体位阻更具优势的平伏键的现象。本文简要回顾了异头碳效应的发展历史及其重要应用,重点介绍了有机糖化学前沿的金属异头碳效应。当吡喃糖中异头碳上连接金属元素时,可以通过改变金属的种类、价态、配体以及底物结构有效调控金属异头碳效应。通过科研反哺本科教学,有助于化学相关专业学生进一步加深对金属异头碳效应这一新兴研究领域的理解和认识。     

二维M-Co3O4负载Ir对香草醛加氢脱氧性能研究

以二维金属-有机框架M-Co₃O₄为载体制备了具有高活性的Ir/M-Co₃O₄催化剂.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)、 N₂物理吸/脱附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并研究了催化剂、温度、时间、溶剂等因素对香草醛加氢脱氧反应的影响.结果表明, Ir/M-Co₃O₄催化剂具有较好的普适性和稳定性,在香草醛加氢脱氧制备4-甲基愈创木酚(MMP)反应中表现出较高的活性和选择性,香草醛的转化率达100%, MMP的选择性不低于99%.     

不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明,分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构,反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积,同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量,其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价,结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能,麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%,生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定药企周边地表水中5种大环内酯类抗生素的残留量

提出了全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定药企周边地表水中泰乐菌素、交沙霉素、螺旋霉素、北里霉素和罗红霉素等5种大环内酯类抗生素残留的方法。随机采集药企周边地表水样品,冷藏储存;取地表水样品500 mL,调节酸度为中性,将上述水样以15 mL·min^-1的流量过已活化的HLB固相萃取柱,用16 mL丙酮洗脱。收集洗脱液,将洗脱液氮吹至近干,用甲醇溶解并定容至1 mL,所得溶液中5种大环内酯类抗生素在Shimadzu Venusil MP C₁₈色谱柱上分离,以不同体积比的甲醇-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析采用多反应监测模式。结果表明,5种大环内酯类抗生素的质量浓度在0.005～5.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.14～0.25μg·L^-1。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为85.4%～96.6%。制备6份0.01 mg·L^-1加标水样,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5...     

全自动加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中6种抗生素的残留量

随机选取代表性土壤样品约1 kg,四分法将土壤样品缩分,取约200 g风干、粉碎、过筛。取上述土壤样品10.0 g置于萃取池中,加入硅藻土15.0 g混合均匀后进行加速溶剂萃取(ASE),采用凝胶净化系统净化提取液。取净化液10 mL,于50℃氮吹至近干,残渣用1 mL甲醇溶解,过0.22μm滤膜,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定其中林可霉素、克林霉素、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、恩诺沙星和环丙沙星等6种抗生素的含量,质谱分析采用多反应监测模式。结果表明,6种抗生素的质量浓度在0.001～1.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.004～0.019μg·kg^-1。方法用于分析单标准溶液和加标样品溶液,所得测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.0%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为83.8%～105%。方法用于实际样品分析,6种抗生素的检出量为15.7～221.6μg·kg^-1。     

基于g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66复合物修饰电极的电化学发光传感器用于测定水中邻苯二酚的含量北大核心CSCD

利用锆金属有机骨架(UiO-66)与半导体石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))复合可形成异质结结构,构建了一种基于g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66复合物修饰电极的电化学发光传感器用于水中污染物邻苯二酚的检测。分别合成g-C_(3)N_(4)和UiO-66,将二者充分研磨、煅烧后,得到g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66复合物。以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂配制1.0 g·L^(-1)的g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66分散液,分取3.0μL,用滴涂的方式修饰到处理好的玻碳电极(GCE)表面,自然晾干后,得到g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66修饰的GCE(g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66@GCE)。以g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66@GCE为工作电极,铂丝为辅助电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,将该三电极系统置于含有50 mmol·L^(-1) K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.5)中,采用循环伏安法在-1.6~0 V内,以0.1 V·s^(-1)速率进行扫描,记录加入邻苯二酚前后体系的电化学发光强度差值,即猝灭值。结果表明:体系电化学发光强度猝灭值与邻苯二酚浓度的对数呈线性关系,线性范围为1.0×10^(-5)~5.0×10^(-2)μmol·L^(-1),检出限为9.0×10^(-12)mol·L^(-1);用6根g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66@GCE进行重现性试验,6次测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3%;按照测试条件在-1.6~0 V内连续循环扫描31次,结果显示,加入邻苯二酚前后,测定值的RSD均小于4.0%;并且该传感器对对苯二酚、间苯二酚、葡萄糖、Na^(+)、K^(+)等干扰物质具有较好的抗干扰能力;用此电化学发光传感器分析自来水样品并进行加标回收试验,结果未检出邻苯二酚,回收率为98.4%,测定值的RSD(n=5)为3.8%。     

硼、氮共掺杂多孔碳的制备及其超电容性能

分别以含氮菲咯啉、四硼酸钾和醋酸锌为碳源、活化剂和模板,制备了B、N共掺杂多孔碳(BN-PC),并探究模板质量对BN-PC结构和储电性能的影响。当醋酸锌质量为5 g时,所得BN-PC₅中B、N杂原子含量分别为20.21%、18.29%。电化学测试结果表明,以6 mol·L^-1KOH为电解液,BN-PC₅电极展现出高的比电容(在0.05 A·g^-1电流密度下为255 F·g^-1)、优异的倍率性能(在20 A·g^-1电流密度下为188 F·g^-1)和卓越的循环稳定性(在5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环10 000次比电容保持率为97%)。以3mol·L^-1ZnSO₄为电解液,在平均功率密度为56 W·kg^-1时,BN-PC₅电容器的能量密度可达27 Wh·kg^-1。     

基于花生壳碳点快速检测饮料中日落黄和柠檬黄

以一步水热法合成的强荧光性花生壳碳点（PE-CDs）为荧光探针,建立了简单、灵敏快速检测饮料中着色剂日落黄和柠檬黄的方法。日落黄和柠檬黄分别与荧光PE-CDs结合发生静态猝灭作用。在最优条件下,日落黄溶液浓度在6.8～1130μg/mL、柠檬黄溶液浓度在0.2～50μg/mL范围内,都与PE-CDs的荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为9.3 ng/mL和0.38 ng/mL。对饮料样品中的日落黄和柠檬黄进行测定,回收率分别为96.3%～105.0%和95.0%～106.7%。     

CoMn@NC催化5-羟甲基糠醛常压氧化为2, 5-呋喃二甲酸二甲酯

Dimethyl furan-2, 5-dicarboxylate (DMFDCA) is a valuable biomass-derived chemical that is an ideal alternative to fossil-derived terephthalic acid as a monomer for polymers. The one-step oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to DMFDCA is of practical significance. It not only shortens the reaction pathway but also avoids the separation process of intermediates; thus, reducing cost. In this work, non-noble bimetallic catalysts supported on N-doped porous carbon (CoMn@NC) were synthesized via a one-step co-pyrolysis procedure using different pyrolysis temperatures and proportions of metal precursors and additives. We employed the prepared CoMn@NC catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of HMF under mild reaction conditions to obtain DMFDCA. High-yield DMFDCA was obtained by screening the prepared catalysts and optimizing the reaction conditions, including the strength and amount of the base, as well as the reaction temperature. The optimized yield of DMFDCA was 85% over the Co₃Mn₂@NC-800 catalyst after 12 h at 50 ℃ using ambient-pressure oxygen. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using a variety of characterization techniques, the factors affecting the performance of each catalyst were investigated, and the relationship between the physicochemical properties and performance of the prepared catalysts was elucidated. A porous structure with a high surface area had a positive effect on mass transfer efficiency. Cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) and atomically dispersed Mn were coordinated to N-doped carbon to form M―N_x (where M = Co or Mn). Based on the Mott-Schottky effect, there was significant electron transfer between each metal and the N-doped carbon, additionally, the metal NPs supplied electrons to the carbon atoms. The electron-deficient metal site in the pyridinic N-rich carbon was beneficial for the activation of HMF and oxygen. The activation of oxygen produced reactive oxygen species (such as superoxide radical anions) to ensure high selectivity to DMFDCA through dehydrogenative oxidation of the hemiacetal intermediate and hydroxymethyl group of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-furoate. The existence of disordered and defective carbons increased the number of active sites. Subsequently, we performed a series of control experiments. Based on our current experimental results and previous studies, we propose a simple mechanism for the aerobic oxidation of HMF to DMFDCA. The catalyst was stable, its performance decreased slightly after two cycles, and it was tolerant to SCN⁻ ions and resistant against N or S poisoning. Furthermore, the use of this catalytic system can be expanded to various substituted aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohols with different substituents, furfuryl alcohol, and heterocyclic alcohols. Simultaneously, the product type was further extended from methyl esters to ethyl esters with a high yield when the substrate reacted with ethanol. In conclusion, this catalytic system can be applied in the production of carboxylic esters for polymers.     

“碳中和”背景下高分子材料与工程专业课程教学改革

在“碳中和”背景下,高等教育的教育理念和教学模式应围绕国家可持续发展战略对新型人才的需求而做出调整。结合本校高分子材料与工程专业的特点和发展方向,在强化基础理论和知识的基础上,将本专业课程在教学内容、教学方法和课程思政元素融入等方面进行了系列改革和探索,重点培养学生的“碳中和”理念、创新意识和实践能力,以便进一步提高本专业人才培养质量,满足“碳中和”目标下国家对相关人才的需求。