基于数字图像颜色提取的土壤有机质预测研究

有机质是土壤质量的重要判定标准,其快速测定可为精准农业的实施提供基本的数据支撑。传统有机质测定法,通过野外取样,实验室化学分析,不仅费时费力,还效率低,完全不能满足现今社会发展对土壤信息的大量需求。通过光谱仪测定土壤反射率建立有机质估测模型,可快速预测有机质含量,但光谱仪价格较高,对操作环境要求严格,限制了其广泛应用。仅有RGB三波段的可见光传感器,相比光谱仪而言不仅价格便宜,还易于操作,借助其诸多优势,通过定量获取土壤表面颜色信息,解决土壤有机质快速测定问题,不管是从实用性还是经济性角度,都值得去探索研究。为验证可见光下提取数字图像颜色信息能快速预测有机质的可行性和适用性,采用数码相机获取土壤表面颜色,分析土壤表面组成特点,确定最佳取样面积,并比较不同土样制样标准(<1 mm和<0.5 mm) 与有机质的相关性,同时选取相关性高的颜色变量,通过回归分析,建立有机质预测模型。研究结果表明,以950 pixel×950 pixel作为取样面积,可以较稳定获取土样表面颜色,并减少边缘效应对取样结果的影响;对比<1 mm和<0.5 mm土样与有机质的相关性发现,<1 mm土样的RGB三波段与有机质的相关性更高,适合作为土壤颜色获取时的制样标准。在RGB三波段中,Red波段表现了与有机质的最高相关性,其相关系数为-0.70;通过对RGB三波段进行数学变换与超红(ExR)计算,可增加各颜色值与有机质的相关性,其中ExR指数表现了与有机质最高的相关性,其相关系数为-0.86。单变量建模过程中,ExR倒数模型获得了最好预测效果;多变量建模时,各颜色标准差参与建模,使颜色信息描述更为全面,明显提高了模型的预测精度,获得了最好的建模效果,其R2=0.80,RMSE=0.51,检验结果R2_val=0.84,RMSE_val=0.54,能较好反应研究区有机质变异特点。通过黑土检验所建模型的预测效果,仅单变量Red波段模型表现出较好预测结果,其检验结果表明红波段是有机质较为敏感波段,在不同土类中具有通用性。虽然研究中所建模型难以扩展到对其他土类的预测,但对同类土壤预测效果表明,数码相机作为颜色定量获取的工具,具有实现快速预测土壤有机质的潜力。     

Triaxial tension–compression tests for multiaxial cyclic plasticity

The aim of this paper is to present triaxial tension–compression tests and a new triaxial specimen devoted to the study of cyclic plasticity under non-proportional loadings. Because the stress state in the central part of the specimen is not homogeneous, the analysis of the tests need a 3D finite element computation. The constitutive equations used in the simulations have been deduced from complex tension–torsion tests. The comparison between the structural analysis and the experimental results allows to determine the accuracy of the set of constitutive equations and if needed to optimize this set by modifying some hardening rules.     

基于八钼酸盐杂化网络的离子热合成、晶体结构和光催化性质

采用离子热法合成了一个由八钼酸盐和过渡金属配合物构筑的新颖的三维(3D)自穿插网络的有机-无机杂化材料Cu₅^ⅠBBTZ₃H₂O[β-Mo^ⅤMo₇^ⅥO₂₆][1,BBTZ=1,4-二(三咪唑-1-乙基)苯]. 化合物1具有由3D聚圆环结构和(4,4)二维层构筑的3D自穿插框架结构. 通过单晶X射线衍射、 元素分析、 红外光谱和热重分析对化合物1的结构进行了表征, 并初步研究了其光催化产氢活性.     

需求可延期满足的报童模型研究

针对毋须“第一时间”发送的物流需求,商家应设计、提供与此相匹配的服务,基于此运作管理背景,本文以典型问题“可延期发送的货运代理商最优订舱”为例,构建“需求可延期满足的报童模型”。在系统回顾“报童模型”研究的基础上,分析其与基本报童模型的异同及求解难点,讨论解的存在性及唯一性,探索将其转化为基本报童模型的途径,构建“报童-波尔查诺二分迭代” 求解算法,使用训练与测试数据集双重数值模拟验证算法的正确性和有效性。本文重要的价值在于提出了一种新的需求管理运营模式:针对于可延期满足的随机需求,通过提供补偿的方式实现“需求库存化”,需求和供给都得以充分利用,实现供需双方共赢,提升社会效益。     

浸渍法制备硅钨酸修饰的炭载钯催化剂电催化甲酸氧化

用浸渍的方法制备了硅钨酸（SiWA）修饰的炭载Pd(Pd/C-SiWA)催化剂。 计时电流曲线研究表明,在Pd/C和Pd/C-SiWA催化剂电极上,3000 s时的电流密度分别为0.013和0.082 A/mg,分别为10 s时电流密度的2.5%和14.1%。 结果表明,Pd/C-SiWA催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化稳定性要远远优于Pd/C催化剂。 这是因为Pd/C催化剂上SiWA的修饰抑制了甲酸的自分解, 从而减小了CO的毒化作用,改进了Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化和稳定性。     

Exploring the mechanism of action Xianlingubao Prescription in the treatment of osteoporosis by network pharmacology

In this study, the network pharmacology analysis method was used to explore the bioactive components and targets of Xianlinggubao (XLGB) and further elucidate its potential biological mechanisms of action in the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). The bioactive compounds and predictive targets of XLGB were collected from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology databases and analysis platform(TCMSP), the Encyclopeida of traditional Chinese medicine (ETCM), traditional Chinese medicine Databse@Taiwan, ChEMBL, STITCH, and SymMap database. The targets corresponding to OP were obtained by using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man® (OMIM), GeneCards, the National Center for Biotechnology Information-Gene database. The XLGB-OP targets were obtained by intersecting with the targets of XLGB and OP. Protien-Protien interaciton (PPI) network was constructed using STRING online database and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.7.0 software to screen out hub genes. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis of the target in the PPI network was conducted using the ClusterProfiler package in R with adjusted p-value<0.05. A total of 65 XLGB bioactive compounds were screened corresponding to 776 XLGB targets and 2556 OP targets. The GO analysis and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested XLGB played a therapeutic roles in OP treatment via the interleukin-17 signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway, insulin resistance, Th-17 signaling pathway, etc. Five hub genes (AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK8, TP53, and STAT3) were screened using the degree algorithm, and molecular docking stimulation results showed that most bioactive compounds of XLGB had strong binding efficiency with hub genes. Overall, this study laid the foundation for further in vivo and in vitro experimental research and expanded the clinical applications of XLGB.     

Magnetoelectric properties of Mn-substituted BiFeO3 thin films with a TiO2 barrier

Multiferroic thin films with the general formula TiO₂/BiFe_1−xMn_xO₃ (x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) (TiO₂/BFMO) were synthesized on Au/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates using a chemical solution deposition (CSD) method assisted with magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the thin films contained perovskite structures with random orientations. Compared with BFMO films, the leakage current density of the TiO₂/BFMO thin films was found to be lower by nearly two orders of magnitude, and the remnant polarizations were increased by nearly ten times. The enhanced ferroelectric properties may be attributed to the lower leakage current caused by the introduction of the TiO₂ layer. The J-E characteristics indicated that the main conduction mechanism for the TiO₂/BFMO thin film was trap-free Ohmic conduction over a wide range of electric fields (0-500 kV/cm). In addition, ferromagnetism was observed in the Mn doped BFO thin films at room temperature. The origin of ferromagnetism is related to the competition between distortion of structure and decrease of grain size and decreasing net magnetic moment in films due to Mn doping.     

Existence of finite-energy electroweak monopoles

Finite-energy electroweak monopoles have important physical applications in the phenomenology of electroweak interaction. In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of such monopoles by a dynamical shooting method and obtain sharp asymptotic estimates for the solutions.     

Synthesis and Characteristics of Electrodeposited CoxZn1-x Nanorods

CoxZn1-x nanorod arrays were fabricated by electrodeposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide templates at different electric potentials. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicate that highly-ordered and uniform nanorods have been fabricated. The amounts of Co and Zn contents are investigated using energy dispersive spectroscopy, which demonstrates that the atom ratio of the alloy nanorods changes with the deposition potential. In addition, magnetic measurements show that the magnetic isotropy Co-rich CoZn nanorods will change to magnetic anisotropy nanorods with the easy axis parallel to the rod long axis with decreasing Co content.     

双频光栅傅里叶变换轮廓术频谱混叠研究

讨论了用双频光栅方法对包含突变成份的物体产生的变形条纹进行傅里叶变换时,可能会出现频谱混叠问题.推出了低频光栅的频谱f1与高频光栅的频谱f2不相互混叠的条件,分析了探测器非线性会引起同一光栅间频谱发生混叠情况.考虑到通常情况下低频光栅频谱f1与高频光栅频谱f2的混叠起主要作用,因此在该情况下用计算机仿真与实验验证了：当f2<2f1时,f1与f2相互混叠,物体面形难以恢复;当f2>2f1时,f1与f2不相互混叠,物体面形恢复得很好.