表面织构对重载线接触条件下40Cr钢摩擦性能的影响

利用激光微造型技术在环形试样表面加工出直径在20μm到80μm之间,且具有相同深度和面积占有率的圆凹坑,通过Talysurf CCI Lite非接触式三维光学轮廓仪测量试样表面,并采用ISO 25178参数对各试样表面进行三维表征,最后利用JPM-1双盘磨损试验机,在重载条件下(赫兹接触压力≥1 GPa)研究各组试样在不同工况下的摩擦特性及表面三维形貌参数对摩擦学性能的影响.试验结果说明:直径为80μm和20μm的织构表面润滑效果优于光滑表面.载荷、转速、滑滚比对摩擦系数的影响具有一定的规律性,且不同的工况下呈现的规律有所差别,在高速低载大滑滚比条件下,织构表面对提高摩擦副润滑效果最为显著,还进一步探索了表面三维表征参数Sa、Vv、Spc、Vmp、Vxp与重载条件下40Cr钢摩擦特性的关系.     

一种基于特征分析的偏振图像融合方法

偏振成像探测能反映出传统光学成像所无法反映的物体的信息,为了克服计算偏振参量图像丢失细节信息的不足,在已有偏振图像融合方法的基础上,提出一种基于综合图像特征的融合方法。相较于已有算法突出图像的某一方面特征,该算法提取图像的灰度特征、纹理特征和形状特征,据此确定融合权值,对图像进行融合,能够较好地反映目标的细节信息,融合后的图像相较于普通光强图像,方差、信息熵分别提高了12.6%、17.5%,平均梯度从0.59提高到1.83。针对该方法用到的特征维数较高的问题,提供了一种简化算法,耗时从3054降至1337。     

Propagation and scattering of ultrasonic waves in polycrystals with arbitrary crystallite and macroscopic texture symmetries

A general ultrasonic attenuation model for a polycrystal with arbitrary macroscopic texture and triclinic ellipsoidal grains is described with proper accounting for the anisotropic Green’s function for the reference medium. The texture and the ellipsoidal grain frames in the model are independent and the wave propagation direction is arbitrary. The attenuation coefficients are obtained in the Born approximation accompanied by the Rayleigh and stochastic asymptotes. The scattering model displays statistical anisotropy due to two independent factors: (1) shape of the oriented grains and (2) preferred crystallographic orientation of the grains leading to macroscopic anisotropy of the homogenized reference medium. The model is applicable to most single phase polycrystalline materials that may occur as a result of thermomechanical manufacturing processes leading to different macrotextures and elongated-shaped grains. It predicts the strength of ultrasonic scattering and its dependence on frequency and propagation direction as a function of grain shape, grain crystallographic symmetry and macroscopic texture parameters and provides the texture-induced dependence of macroscopic ultrasonic velocity on propagation angle. It considers proper wave polarizations due to macroscopic anisotropy and scattering-induced transformations of waves with different polarizations. Competing effects of grain shape and texture on the attenuation are observed. In contrast to the macroscopically isotropic case, where in the stochastic regime the attenuation is highest in the direction of the longest ellipsoidal axis of the grain, the wave attenuation in the elongation direction may be suppressed or amplified by the texture with different effects on the quasilongitudinal and quasitransverse waves. The frequency behavior is also interestingly affected by texture: a hump in the total attenuation coefficient is found for the fast quasitransverse wave which is purely the result of macroscopic anisotropy and the existence of two quasitransverse waves; this hump is not observed in the macroscopically isotropic case. Striking differences of the texture effect on the directional dependences of the attenuation coefficients are found at low versus high frequencies.     

多晶硅的反应离子刻蚀(R IE)制绒绒面研究

实验基于反应离子刻蚀(Reaction Ion Eatching RIE)技术进行的多晶硅片纳米绒面制备,这种结构的绒面可明显降低晶体硅电池反射率,提高电池短路电流.实验具体指将多晶硅片在同一条件混酸溶液中腐蚀去除表面损伤,然后利用RIE制绒技术进行不同尺寸纳米绒面制备,根据绒面变化分别调整工艺进行清洗及电池制备,发现绒面小到一定程度时RIE制绒过程造成的损伤不易清洗去除且抗反射SiNx膜沉积困难.所以多晶硅片RIE制绒不可单纯的追求小绒面和低反射率,实验证明纳米绒面凹坑尺寸最小应控制在240~360 nm才能更稳定地匹配清洗、沉积抗反射膜等工艺从而制备出高光电转换效率的多晶硅电池.     

具有面内四极磁场的旋转玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构研究

通过虚时演化方法研究了具有面内四极磁场的旋转玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构.结果发现:面内四极磁场和旋转双重作用可导致中央Mermin-Ho涡旋的产生;随着磁场梯度增强,Mermin-Ho涡旋周围环绕的涡旋趋向对称化排布;在四极磁场下,密度相互作用和自旋交换相互作用作为体系的调控参数,可以控制Mermin-Ho涡旋周围的涡旋数目;该体系自旋结构中存在双曲型meron和half-skyrmion两种拓扑结构.     

表面织构对内燃机缸套-活塞环系统摩擦性能的影响

设计了一种微凹坑表面织构,通过数控精密机械加工的方法制备于缸套切片表面,利用往复式摩擦磨损试验机研究了微凹坑织构在不同工况下的摩擦性能和对内燃机缸套-活塞环摩擦副摩擦性能的影响.试验数据表明:与无织构化表面相比,微凹坑织构的平均摩擦系数均有不同程度的变化,最大降幅达41.83%,最大增幅达33.68%.当微凹坑织构工作在合适的工况条件时,其摩擦性能比无织构化表面有明显的改善.对于某种具有固定几何参数的表面织构,存在一个合适工况条件使其能够最有效地改善摩擦学性能,该工况可为进一步研究提供依据并便于实际应用.此外,转速是影响表面织构改善表面润滑性能的主要因素,试样在不同转速下具有不同的接触电阻阻值变化规律和不同的摩擦系数变化趋势.而在不同转速下,载荷的变化对表面摩擦性能的影响规律也具有明显的差异性.     

Tightly bound soil water introduces isotopic memory effects on mobile and extractable soil water pools

Cryogenic vacuum extraction is the well-established method of extracting water from soil for isotopic analyses of waters moving through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. We investigate if soils can alter the isotopic composition of water through isotope memory effects, and determined which mechanisms are responsible for it. Soils with differing physicochemical properties were re-wetted with reference water and subsequently extracted by cryogenic water distillation. Results suggest some reference waters bind tightly to the soil and not all of this tightly bound water is removed during cryogenic vacuum extraction. Kinetic isotopic fractionation occurring when reference water binds to the soil is likely responsible for the ¹⁸O-depletion of re-extracted reference water, suggesting an enrichment of the tightly bound soil water pool. Further re-wetting of cryogenically extracted soils indicates an isotopic memory effect of tightly bound soil water on water added to the soil. The data suggest tightly bound soil water can influence the isotopic composition of mobile soil water. Findings show that soils influence the isotope composition of soil water by (i) kinetic fractionation when water is bound to the soil and (ii) equilibrium fractionation between different soil water pools. These findings could be relevant for plant water uptake investigations and complicate ecohydrological and paleohydrological studies.     

一种基于胸部CT图像感兴趣区域提取的检索技术

探索高效的医学图像检索技术,可以方便医务人员快速高效地查找相似的图像．针对胸部CT图像,提出一种采用改进的区域生长法提取感兴趣区域,在此基础上再提取纹理特征作为图像的特征向量,并以特征向量作为图像检索的依据来进行检索．实验结果表明：在有效提取出病灶区域之余,针对该区域提取图像特征起到了良好的检索效果．将此方法应用于医学图像检索系统可有助于提高医生的诊断效率．     

田间行走式测定的红外光谱数据与土壤质地之间的相关性研究

近红外光谱是利用漫反射来分析物质的某些化学性质,已在农业及其他许多领域得到广泛应用。尽管在实验室条件下,研究证明可以应用近红外光谱分析技术来快速、方便地测定土壤参数,但在田间大范围内应用红外光谱快速测定来分析土壤性质,仍然缺乏研究;该研究以田间行走式设备获取的红外光谱数据为基础,分析和比较了不同数据处理技术下红外光谱信息与土壤质地之间的相关性,发现应用基于算术运算的波段组合技术可以明显地提高红外光谱信息与土壤质地之间的相关性,为田间光谱数据的分析处理与应用提供了依据。     

甲烷浓度对CVD自支撑金刚石薄膜残余应力的影响

根据唯像理论研究了化学气相沉积自支撑金刚石薄膜中织构和弹性性能之间的关系,揭示了晶体取向和织构对残余应变和残余应力的影响.织构使CVD金刚石薄膜杨氏模量和宏观残余应变呈现各向异性,而且两者呈现相反的分布规律.织构和杂质都能影响金刚石薄膜的弹性模量和残余应变,但是织构的影响是主要的.实验中测量的残余应变很好的符合了根据薄膜织构计算得到的弹性模量值.因此可以借助改变薄膜织构来调节薄膜的残余应力.