The effect of clamped and free boundaries on long range strain coupling in structural phase transitions

In ferroelastic structural phase transitions, the atomic ordering in one cell creates a local strain field which is propagated elastically throughout the material, resulting in an effective or indirect coupling J(R _ij ) between the ordering in cells i and j. With free boundaries on the sample, the J(R _ij ) contains a Zener-Eshelby term J _Z of infinite range, which largely determines the transition temperature T _c. The present paper shows what happens when the boundaries are clamped. On cooling from a high temperature an anomaly takes place at more or less the same temperature as the phase transition for free boundaries. Cooling results in an irregular pattern of domains with positive and negative order parameter whose long range strains cancel. Two cases are distinguished. In the “tweed” case coherent domain boundaries form easily and result in fine lamellar domains. When coherent domain boundaries are not possible (the “non-Sapriel”) case, larger less regular domains are formed. In either case the macroscopic net strain adds up to zero.     

基于LBP算子和类覆盖捕获图的人脸检测算法

针对传统人脸检测中的过分类问题,提出一种结合LBP算子与类覆盖捕获图的人脸检测算法.该算法首先用ε-LBP算子提取人脸图像纹理特征,并把对应不同ε值提取的LBP特征数据加权融合起来,形成人脸图像特征向量,然后采用类覆盖捕获图构造分类器,最终对人脸图像实现有效检测.与传统方法相比,基于随机图理论的类覆盖捕获图能够克服过分类缺陷,比其他近邻图分类器更具优势,性能也比较稳定.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效检测人脸图像,尤其对存在模糊和光照异常的人脸图像具有较高的精确度和鲁棒性.     

多晶硅表面周期性微结构的激光制备与性能研究

为了减小多晶硅表面入射光的反射率,提高太阳能电池的光电效率,利用紫外纳秒激光器在多晶硅表面制备不同深度、不同间距的微凹坑点阵绒面,研究织构形貌对反射率及光电转换效率的影响。通过激光频率的改变实现微凹坑深度的变化,通过微凹坑排布方式的改变实现微凹坑间距的变化;使用光纤光谱仪测量多晶硅表面反射率并通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察微凹坑形貌;在PC1D软件中建立多晶硅入射光反射模型并模拟不同点阵间距下的多晶硅短路电流和开路电压,计算光电转换效率和填充因子。研究表明,不同频率(300 kHz、200 kHz、150 kHz、50 kHz)和点阵排布方式(300×300、310×310、350×350、400×400)对多晶硅表面的反射率和光电转换效率影响显著,随着频率增大,多晶硅试样反射率先减小后增加最后保持稳定;随着点阵排布密集程度增加,多晶硅试样光电转换效率逐渐提高。实验结果显示当激光频率为150 kHz,点阵分布为400×400时,多晶硅表面微凹坑成型较好,表面平均反射率为3.32%,多晶硅电池的效率为18.80%,相较于未制绒多晶硅电池提高25.9%。     

Gd2Ba4CuWOx掺杂对单畴GdBCO超导块材性能的影响

本文采用顶部籽晶熔融织构方法(TSMTG)制备出了具有不同纳米Gd2Ba4CuWOx(GdW2411)掺杂量的系列单畴GdBCO超导块材,并研究了GdW2411的掺杂量对其微观形貌以及磁悬浮力大小的影响.研究结果表明,通过添加GdW2411粒子,可以成功的在单畴GdBCO超导块材中引入纳米GdW2411磁通钉扎中心,其粒径约在50～200nm之间;随着GdW2411掺杂比例的增加,纳米粒子的密度逐渐变大,粒度也有所变大;GdBCO超导块材磁悬浮力的大小与GdW2411掺杂量密切相关,只有当GdW2411的掺杂比例达到最佳值时,样品的磁悬浮力才达到最大.这些结果对进一步提高GdBCO超导块材性能具有重要的指导意义.     

零视距地物长波红外特征场景仿真研究

为仿真地物长波红外场景图像,根据地表温度随时间变化的规律,并结合气象状况、背景材质、热特性参量、热状态等参数,在对太阳辐射、大气长波辐射、大气温度和地表热传导等影响地表温度变化的因素进行分析的基础上,建立了基于热平衡理论和热传导过程的方程。解算出多种常见地表一日之中的温度变化情况,并将其应用于由相同景物可见光纹理图像反演出的相应红外纹理图像中。在考虑景物表面自身发射、反射的辐射计算模型的前提下,生成了具有相似红外纹理细节的地表红外场景。结果表明,该方法可生成接近真实感的红外场景,有效地模拟仿真地物的长波红外特征。     

Thermal and optical characterization of a novel series of supramolecular liquid crystals

Supramolecular hydrogen bonded liquid crystal (SMHBLC) homologous series is synthesized and characterized. Hydrogen bond is formed between p-n-alkyloxy benzoic acids (nOBA, where n=7 to 12) and Iodo substituted benzoic acid (I_mBA) respectively. The isolated homologs are characterized by various techniques like Polarizing Optical Microscopy (POM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). From the POM and DSC studies phase diagram has been constructed and discussed. A new smectic ordering, labeled as smectic R, has been characterized which exhibits a ribbon like texture. This phase is observed in a complex pertaining to the undecyloxy carbon number. Tilt angle in smectic R phase and in traditional smectic C of all the complexes have been experimentally deduced and the results are fitted and so obtained β value concurrences with the Mean field theory predicted value.     

Elastic constant anisotropy,core structure of wedge disclinations and optical texture of main-chain P-4-BCMU liquid crystals

The elastic constant anisotropy and the core structure of wedge disclinations with strengths s = ±½ of lyotropic liquid crystals of a soluble polydiacetylene, P-4-BCMU (M _w = 5.15 × 10⁵, M _n = 2.16 × 10⁵, and M _w/M _n = 2.4), in chloroform was studied. The Frank elastic constant anisotropy defined by ε = (k₁₁ ? k₃₃)/(k₁₁ + k₃₃) for this polymer was determined by three different methods. The results show that the value of ε for this polymer is 0.5 (±0.05) in solid state and/or in liquid crystal state, indicating that the splay constant k₁₁ is three time higher than the bend constant k₃₃. This result further implies that splay is unfavorable in the liquid as it requires greater energy than bend. In the area adjacent to the core of a singularity the value of ε increases with decreasing distance to the core, indicating increasing anisotropy of the elastic constants toward the core. The influence of the elastic constant anisotropy on the optical texture of the LC polymer when viewed by polarizing light microscope is studied. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

含双键大孔径苯乙烯—二乙烯基苯微球的合成与表征

含双键大孔径苯乙烯－二乙烯基苯微球的合成与表征袁青阚成友刘伟良孔祥正＊（山东大学化学系济南２５０１００）关键词苯乙烯－二乙烯基苯共聚树脂，悬浮聚合，树脂微球，复合致孔剂，孔结构１９９７－０７－０３收稿，１９９８－０１－１２修回国家教委留学服务中心回国...     

Texture relationships and interface structure in Ag-sheathed Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting tapes

We have studied the phase composition, alignment, and bonding at the Ag/Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) interface for silver-sheathed tapes of both the 2212 and 2223 compositions which have been processed under different conditions. Strong texturing of the (001) planes of the BSCCO phases parallel to the Ag interface was seen, regardless of the Ag orientation. Short facets of non-(001) BSCCO planes accommodate local misalignments between the Ag and the (001) planes of the BSCCO phases. Whether the 2212 composites are processed by complete melting or by sintering below the melting point, there is always a residual half-layer of 2201 at the interface. By contrast, 2223 composites exhibit 2223 layers right up to the interface without any transition phases. Both compounds bond strongly to Ag and cracks, when present, occur preferentially away from the interface.     

经高温活化焙烧的B2O3/ZrO2催化剂的织构/结构和表面酸性

利用BET、XRD、FT-IR、XPS、FT-Raman和NH3-TPD等表征手段,研究了B2O3含量(0%~19.3%)对700℃活化焙烧的B2O3/ZrO2催化剂的织构/结构和表面酸性的影响.催化剂的比表面积随B2O3含量先增大后减小,其中4.1%-B2O3/ZrO2的比表面最大.四方相ZrO2的含量也随B2O3含量先增大后减小,在B2O3含量为11.7%~15.8%时出现最大值;四方相ZrO2的晶粒尺寸随B2O3含量的变化规律与此正好相反.ZrO2载体表面上的氧化硼主要以BO3为基本结构单元,催化剂表面B/Zr原子比随B2O3含量增加而变大.B2O3/ZrO2表面的总酸量、弱酸量、中强酸量和强酸量随B2O3含量先增大后减小,在B2O3含量为8.3%时出现最大值,但中强酸中心的百分含量随B2O3含量递增.表面B/Zr原子比与中强酸中心百分含量之间的顺变关系,预示以BO3为基本结构单元的B2O3是中强酸中心的主要贡献者.B2O3/ZrO2表面酸性与催化性能之间的关系显示,这些中等强度的酸中心是催化环己酮肟贝克曼重排反应的活性中心.