STUDIES ON POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHA LATE)-POLY(TETRAMETHYLENE ETHER) MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMER.Ⅰ.COMPOSITIONAL HOMOGENEITY

The compositional homogeneity of a poly (ethylene terephthalate)-poly (tetramethylene ether) multiblock copolymer sample with low content of hard segment was examined by GPC, TLC, and solubility method. The copolymer sample was found to have a uniform composition as a function of elution volume over the major portion of sample from GPC method. However within one elution fraction, the copolymer chains, although having the same hydrodynamic volume, may have some difference in composition. Two fractions with different composition were obtained by precipitation in ethanol. Some low molar mass copolymers were also separated by a TLC technique from the copolymer sample.     

单轴取向PET薄膜的α松弛与力学行为的相关性

本文用动态力学方法研究了在不同温度和速度下单轴自由辐拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜的非晶区状态,表明从熔体骤冷的非晶态试片在不同热拉伸条件下拉伸,可以得到非晶状态有显著差别的单轴取向薄膜。它们的非晶状态可以用动态力学温度谱的α峰的高度,形状和位置来表征。具有不同非晶状态的试样的储能模量E′(25℃)、屈服应力、负荷-伸长曲线与α松弛的参数以及其他结构参数间有很好的相关性。在一定的条件下热拉伸温度和速度存在Arrhenius型的速度-温度变换关系。     

LASER DOPPLER MEASUREMENT OF THE AXIAL VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE CONVERGENT FLOW OF A POLYMERIC FLUID INTO A RECTANGULAR SLIT

The center line velocity distributions in the convergent flow of a silicone oil as a Newtonian fluid and a solution of silicone rubber ia silicone oil as a non-Newtonian fluid into a rectangular slit of various entrance angles have been measured by means of laser Doppler velocimetry. The non-Newtonian fluid used conformed to the behavior of a power-law fluid at shear rates greater than 20 s~(-1) with a non-Newtonian index n=0.76. The convergent flow studied had a contraction ratio of 12, with slit height of 0.83mm, slit length to height ratio of 18.1, slit width to height ratio of 14.3 and the width to height ratio before entering the slit of 1.19. Flow experiments were done at room temperature with shear rates at the slit wall of (1.7—11)·10~3s~(-1) and generalized Reynolds number 0.21—2.2. No elastic turbulence was observed in front of the slit entrance. The center line velocity gradient along the flow direction was appreciably reduced in the flow cells of small entrance angles. Two new phenomena h     

导电高聚物的EXAFS 研究(Ⅰ)铂氯酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)掺杂的聚乙炔

在实验室EXAFS装置上测量了一种导电高聚物——H_2PtCl_6·6H_2O掺杂聚乙炔和模型化合物(K_2PtCl_6)的PtL_Ⅲ吸收谱。用高功率的施转阳极靶X射线发生器(RigakuRU-1000)作为X射线源。观测到的EXAFS数据分析表明, Pt原子在试样中有两种配位状态。一种是PtCl_6~(2-)离子, Pt—Cl键长为0.233 nm, 另一种是Pt在0.228 nm附近有两个最近邻的Cl原子。实验结果提供了支持下述观点的直接结构信息: 随着电子从(CH)_x链向铂盐的转移, 发生下列反应:2H_2PtCl_6+2e~-→PtCl_6~(2-)+PtCl_2+4HCl     

ON THE ORIGIN OF STRESS PEAK IN UNI-AXIAL STRETCHING OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS

Rubber of high molar mass, like cis-polybutadiene, shows a stress peak on theenineering stress-strain curve during stretching at room temperature. In this work cis-polybutadiene samples were swollen in a poor solvent, CHCl_3/EtOH (1/1 v/v), for differenttimes. It was found that both the initial modulus and the stress peak on stretching de-creased in magnitude with increasing swelling time and the peak disappeared entirely after1 hour of swelling. On further swelling the initial modulus increased somewhat and a smallstress peak re-appeared after swelling for 2 h. The disappearance of the stress peak afterswelling is interpreted as the result of disruption of cohesional entanglements present in theinitial rubber sample. The re-appearance of a small stress peak and the increase of modu-lus on further swelling are interpreted as being of the same nature as the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization. It is the result of forming some new cohesional entanglements of largerbinding energies through longer range chain segmental motions excited after the disruptionof the previously existing cohesional entanglements in the rubber. Thus an understand-ing of the stress peak on stretching a high molar mass rubber and the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization on molecular level has been put forward.     

有机固体薄膜的交流电导

本文讨论了有机固体薄膜交流电导的频率依赖性,指出在较高频率下,电导正比于频率两次方的依赖性,是由于电极接触电阻和薄膜电容所引致的假象。作者建议了一种外加串联电阻法来求取电极接触电阻值,从而使电导和电容的频率依赖性实验数据得到改正。提出了表征有机固体薄膜交流电导特性的三个参数,即在极低频下的直流电导率σ_d.c.值、在较高频区σ(f)∝fⁿ中的n值和在lgσ-lgf图上高频区直线与σ_d.c.水平线的交点f_x。对聚乙烯咔唑( 关键词：     

题词

纪念化学通报创刊五十周年~~     

关于上述电子管继电器线路的一些说明

上文中没有说明线路的工作原理,因此可能不易掌握哪些零件的数值是重要的。现在想借这地位给读者作一点补充介绍。这电路在接触控制点间开路时,电子管的工作可以看作一个半波整流器,Re-C_1并联电路是这整流器的负荷。在这负荷两端的交流组份就用来作为栅极的控制电压(经过 C_2及接触点)。因为控制电压利用整流后的交流组份,Re 的旁路电容 C_1的电容量不能太大,太大时 Re 两端交流组份的电压值就会太小。C_1的电容量太小时,电磁继电器的衔铁会振动。1μF 是适当的数值。这时 Re-C_1两端的电压波形和电源电压的关系如附图(录自示波器)。     

丁苯橡膠的分子量分布测定

本文報告測定本所合成研究室用乳液聚合在50°時所製備的丁苯橡膠分子量分佈的結果。我們在1％苯溶液中,加入甲醇作沉澱劑經分級沉澱後,用粘度法測定各級份的分子量。所得分子量分佈曲線,在分子量等於50,000處有一個明顯的高峯,與前人的結果相符合。特性粘數[η]>3的級份,從它們的溶解度和在甲苯溶液中的粘度數據,我們認為有顯著的支鏈和交聯的存在,約佔試樣的25％。甲苯溶液的粘度數據指示在[η]<3時,k′=0.36,與分子量無關,而且k′+β=1/2;當[η]>3時,k′值顯著地增大,而且k′+β>1/2。 這些差異的大小,我們認為可以看作丁苯橡膠分子支鏈或交聯程度的一種量度。 從本實驗所得的丁苯橡膠的分子量分佈曲線,我們建議同時用■和■來做橡膠的品質指示。